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Ultraviolet spectra have been obtained of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 with the Faint Object Spectrograph on the Hubble Space Telescope. In addition to a large number of absorption lines from the vicinity of our Galaxy, strong and narrow absorption features near the systemic velocity of the Seyfert host galaxy have been detected. L$\alpha$, N V, and C IV absorption lines are present, but Mg II is not, indicating that the absorbing gas is highly ionized. The absorption-line region is located outside of the broad emitting-line region, since the L$\alpha$ absorption is much deeper than the height of the continuum. The relation of the absorbing gas to the extended emission-line region in Mrk 509 is discussed.