Previous
abstract 
Next
abstract
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and
Superclusters of Galaxies, considered to be
possible sources for the observed flux of
extremely high energy cosmic rays ($E \geq 10^{19}
\, \rm eV$),
may well have $\gamma$-ray emission extending into the VHE
(very high energy, $E_\gamma>100$ GeV) domain. Because VHE $\gamma$-rays
are absorbed by pair production on the intergalactic background radiation
fields, much of this emission may not be directly visible.
The electromagnetic
cascade initiated by the absorbed VHE $\gamma$-rays, however,
is observable. Since, the velocities of $e^{+}e^{-}$ pairs
produced in the cascade are most probably
isotropized by an ambient random magnetic field,
extended `halos' ($R > 1 \, \rm Mpc$) of pairs will be
formed around AGN with VHE emission. The cascade radiation from
these pair halos is emitted almost isotropically and should be observable
at energies below a few TeV. The $\gamma$-ray flux from a halo
depends mainly on the total luminosity and
duty cycle of the source at energies
$\geq 10$ TeV, but not on the source geometry, in particular
the direction and beaming/opening angle of a $\gamma$-ray
emmiting jet. (The halo emission is not beamed.)
The halo radiation can be
distinguished by its characteristic variation in spectrum and intensity
with angular distance from the central source.
This depends on the distance to the source and the level
of the $IR/O$ background of the local enviroment. Thus, the investigation of
the angular and spectral distribution of halo radiation could provide
almost model-independent and unambiguous cosmological
information about the
universal $IR/O$ background, the Hubble constant, and
the VHE power of AGN.
Next-generation ground-based systems (arrays) of low threshold
($E \geq 100 \, \rm GeV$) imaging Cherenkov telescopes
will be able to probe the VHE apparent luminosities of extragalactic sources
down to $L \approx 10^{43}(d/1000 \, \rm Mpc)^{2}
\, \rm erg/s$,
which is two orders
of magnitude lower than the minimum luminosity detectable by EGRET
at GeV energies. The excellent angular resolution expected
from these systems ($\approx 0.1 \deg$) will allow us to image pair halos of
even cosmologically distant ($z \geq 1$) sources.
The gamma-ray burst of May 1 1992 was observed and rapidly localized by the
3rd Interplanetary Network, and a 2000 s ROSAT TOO observation was carried
out on the small error box. A weak x-ray source was detected, but with too
few photons to determine the spectral and temporal characteristics of the
source. We have recently carried out a 30 ksec PSPC observation of this
source, resulting in the detection of 140 photons. We find that the
spectrum is consistent with thermal bremsstrahlung from a 7 million degree
plasma with about $10^{22} cm^{-2}$ column depth. In addition, analysis of
the photon arrival times indicates that the source is variable. The distance
implied by the column depth makes it unlikely that this source is coronal
emission from a field star. Optical and HRI observations of this region are
now planned or underway. We discuss the possible identification of this
object and its implication for the GRB source.
ing jet. (The halo emission is not beamed.)
The halo radiation can be
distinguished by its characteristic variation in spectrum and intensity
with angular distance from the central source.
This depends on the distance to the source and the level
CASA-MIA is a ground based array which detects the air-showers
produced by gamma-rays at 100 TeV and above. The array's ability to
detect muons allows much of the cosmic-ray background to be discarded.
Data from 1990 to 1993 has been used to search for short duration
gamma-ray bursts from arbitrary direction. No evidence for 0.035s
bursts has been found. This result has been used to set a limit on the
rate-density of evaporating primordial black holes. Additional point
source searches with longer time windows of 1s, 10s and 100s are
also investigated.
ays above
Comparisons are made of various techniques used to identify gamma-ray burst
repeaters in BATSE data. The effectiveness of each test is examined when BATSE
positional errors and incomplete sky sampling are folded into the data
analysis. Techniques studied include the two-point angular correlation
function, the nearest neighbor statistic, and the farthest neighbor statistic.
Comments are made concerning the observed incidence of repeaters in BATSE's
First Burst Catalog. This work has been supported by NASA grants NAG8-192 and
NRA 92-OSSA-17.
Moment analysis of the gamma-ray burst log(N>Fp) vs. log(Fp) distribution
observed by BATSE is used to place additional constraints on Galactic
coronal/extended halo source distributions. It is found that the allowed
parameter space of such models is smaller than identified previously (Hakkila
et al. 1994, Proc. 1993 Hunts. Workshop) due to the more efficient tolerances
impose by this technique. This work has been supported by NASA grant NAG8-192.
Burst Catalog. This work has been supported by NASA grants NAG8-192 and
NRA 92-OSSA-17.
On this occasion, I plan to review the evidence that has accumulated from observations and numerical experiments during especially the past decade suggesting that each of these two famous spiral galaxies has been influenced decisively by recent tidal interplay with their respective close neighbors. It is no secret that I am biased: Like a few other astronomers, I have long suspected on dynamical grounds that the magnificent spiral structures which have brought these two galaxies into nearly every introductory textbook (and the latter also onto the cover of the Hubble Atlas) are largely transient wavelike relics of those tidal interactions --- meaning that we would probably have favored some quite different examples had mankind come along just 200 million years earlier or later. But I will try to keep such biases well under control in this review of the recent developments achieved almost entirely by workers other than myself. In other words, this talk will focus not only those portions of the tidal stories which seem well established, but also on some parts which remain shaky.
iscuss the possible identification of this
object and its implication for the GRB source.
ing jet. (The halo emission is not beamed.)
The halo radiation can be
distinguished by its characteristic variation in spectrum and intensity
with angular distance from the central source.
This depends on the distance to the source and the level
During the past 15 years, there have been at least ten outbursts at centimeter wavelengths in this extragalactic object. We describe here the flux density and linear polarization variations observed at 4.8, 8.0 and 14.5~GHz with the Michigan 26-meter telescope during the series of outbursts since 1987. The recent bursts are somewhat different from the highly polarized bursts in the early 1980s, which provided a successful quantitative test of a source model based on propagating transverse shocks in a relativistic jet. The most notable change is that the polarization position angle during polarized outbursts has increased by approximately 10 degrees. This is approximately the same shift as found in a comparison of VLBI maps taken during the same time periods by Mutel, Denn and Dryer (1994, NRAO Workshop on Compact Extragalactic Radio Sources , ed. Zensus and Kellermann, p. 191), and supports their conclusion that the orientation of the radio emitting jet in BL~Lac has changed over time. Our preliminary analysis further suggests that a simple scaling of the physical parameters which gave quantitatively good fits to both the 1982 and 1983 bursts will not accurately describe the recent, relatively isolated, burst in 1991. We also note that while some bursts (e.g. in 1982, 1983 and 1991) exhibit degrees of linear polarization in excess of ten percent, other bursts (e.g. in 1980 and 1990) exhibit a very low degree of linear polarization. A common characteristic of the low polarization events is that they all exhibit high internal synchrotron self absorption (as indicated by the flux density spectra of the outbursts).
This research has been supported in part by NSF grant AST-9120224.
beamed.)
The halo radiation can be
distinguished by its characteristic variation in spectrum and intensity
with angular distance from the central source.
This depends on the distance to the source and the level
We present spectra of PKS 2155--304 obtained by the Extreme
Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) satellite during two long
($>100,000$~s) observations taken three weeks apart. Each spectrum shows
pronounced, but different, absorption features. We discuss
mechanisms that might produce these features. We use these results
to rule out various models for the object that have been suggested
based on X-ray results. This work has been supported by NASA
contract NAS5-30180.
meters which gave quantitatively good
fits to both the 1982 and 1983 bursts will not accurately
describe the recent, relatively isolated, burst in 1991. We
also note that while some bursts (e.g.
in 1982, 1983 and 1991)
exhibit degrees of linear polarization in excess of ten percent,
other bursts (e.g.
in 1980 and 1990) exhibit a very low degree of
linear polarization. A common characteristic of the low
We have detected strong changes in Balmer line flux and profile shape for the Broad Line Radio Galaxy Pictor A (0518--458). Comparison of spectra obtained in 1983 and 1993 reveal that strong broad line component has appeared with FWHM$\sim$400 \AA. The Balmer lines observed in 1993 are reminiscent of the rare kind (extremely broad profiles with shifted ``humps'') observed in Arp 102B, 3C390.3 and a handful of other BLRGs. Earlier observations of Pic A show much narrower and weaker broad line emission, with a centrally peaked profile and with monotonically falling line wings.
The emission line profile widths and redshift are consistent with emission from an inclined relativistic accretion disk but the relative strength of the red and blue ``humps'' are not. Considerable excess flux is observed on the red side of the profiles. It might be possible to reconcile the observations with a disk model if we assume that a ``hot spot'' co-rotating with the disk contributes to the line emission.
The rarity of Pic A--like profiles however suggests that the radial velocity spread is maximized if the orientation is such that the gas is predominantly moving along the line of sight. We show that a system of outflowing clouds (possibly a double shell) in a bi-conical geometry can reproduce the profile and the profile variations.
We present high--resolution, 3\,cm radio synthesis images of Pictor A constructed from four 12--hour sets of observations with the ATCA (Australia Telescope Compact Array). We find that the kiloparsec--scale radio jet located between the nucleus and the NW radio--optical hotspot, which lies more than 100\,kpc from the central galaxy, has an unresolved width ($\sim$ 1 \arcsec \, or 500 $h^{-1}$\,pc). This jet is not completely straight, but changes direction between RA 5h\,20m\,35s and 5h\,20m\,40s. The SE and NW hotspots are not alligned with the nucleus. The eastern segment of the unresolved jet points towards the nucleus while the western segment, if extended to the east, intersects the SE hotspot. Near the central host galaxy, the 3\,cm continuum structure seems to be closely related to loops of ionized, H\,II gas (on a 2 to 4\,kpc scale).
We present the initial results of The University of Michigan Radio Astronomy Observatory's `flicker' program. The `flicker' sources are compact or very compact QSOs and BL Lac objects that have been found to vary by 10 -- 20\% in flux, on time scales of hours to days (Quirrenbach, et al., Astr. Ap., 226, L1 1989), in contrast to the month to year time scale of variability traditionally thought to characterize these objects. The short timescales of this variability can help to provide us with information on structure currently beyond the reach of VLBI. This variability must also be taken into account when making synthesis maps of sources which may vary significantly in flux over the time period when they are observed.
We have made closely spaced observations at 4.8, 8.0 and 14.5 GHz using The University of Michigan's 26-meter radio telescope so as to extend the variability program started in the 1960s down to time scales of hours to days. The emphasis in our program has been to confirm the variability on time scales of hours to days as well as to better define variability on scales of days to weeks. The goal is to attempt to determine if the nature of the variations on these intermediate time scales is different for the `flicker' sources (where the variations appear to peak at lower frequencies) as compared to the traditional sources (where variations peak at higher frequencies and can be explained by a shocked jet model). We have also done Monte Carlo type simulations to simulate flicker phenomena. We hope that the simulations will help us to better understand what features of the light curves are due to small scale turbulent structure, and determine to what extent single dish observations can be used to test quantitatively models of such flows.
This research has been supported in part by NSF grant AST-9120224
HE apparent luminosities of extragalactic sources
down to $L \approx 10^{43}(d/1000 \, \rm Mpc)^{2}
\, \rm erg/s$,
which is two orders
Broad absorption line QSOs (BALQSOs) comprise approximately 10\% of all optically-selected quasars, and as a class are the only such objects to exhibit strong ($>3$\%), static linear polarization. Observations of the emission line and continuum properties of BALQSOs suggest that all radio-quiet QSOs are potential BALQSOs, being observed as such if the line of sight intercepts an absorbing cloud. The unique insight which polarimetry lends to the geometry of a source of radiation therefore motivates intense study of the accessible BALQSO candidates.
Optical linear spectropolarimetry is presented of the high-redshift (z = 2.86) BALQSO 1524+5147, an object selected for its brightness (V = 17.0) and strong white-light polarization (P = 2.7\%). In the rest frame of the object (1070 - 1940\AA), the degree of continuum polarization is nearly constant with wavelength, and the position angle is undeviated through the spectrum. The broad emission lines (BELs) provide pure dilution of the polarized component, while BAL features primarily absorb this component.
These conditions indicate a single, nuclear source of polarized radiation, but constant polarimetric properties over a 3.5 yr baseline suggest that synchrotron emission is not responsible. Instead, we propose that the polarization arises in an asymmetric distribution of scatterers which are coincident with and/or interior to the BAL and BEL regions, and the latter two need not be distinct. The bluer spectrum of polarized vs. total flux suggests either that the scatterers are dust grains or that an additional, red component of unpolarized light contributes to the overall continuum. These properties are discussed in terms of competing models of the nuclear morphology of AGN.
This research is supported by NSF grant AST 91-14087.
20224
HE apparent luminosities of extragalactic sources
down to $L \approx 10^{43}(d/1000 \, \rm Mpc)^{2}
\, \rm erg/s$,
which is two orders
We discuss dramatic changes in the $z_a \approx z_e$ absorption system of the $z_e = 2.15$ QSO UM 675 (Q0150$-$203). The C IV $\lambda$1550 and N V $\lambda$1240 doublets at $z_a = 2.1344$ strengthened by a factor of $\sim$3 between the observations of Sargent, Boksenberg and Steidel (1988, ApJS, 68, 539; measured November 1981) and our earliest measurements (November and December 1990). During this time, C IV in the $z_a = 2.0083$ system may also have strengthened. The variability of other lines in these systems is unknown. Continued monitoring is in progress.
We consider several models of the $z_a \approx z_e$ absorption environment, and conclude that the absorbing clouds are close to the QSO and photoionized by the QSO continuum. The variability timescale ($\lap$2.9 yrs rest) requires gas densities $\gap$4000 cm$^{-3}$ to allow changes in the ionization balance. This minimum density, and the high ionization needed to produce the Ne VIII $\lambda$774 and O VI $\lambda$1035 absorptions reported previously (E. M. Burbidge et al. , 1993, BAAS, 24, 1135), requires clouds $\lap$200 pc from the QSO. The full range of absorption line ionizations (including C III $\lambda$977 and N III $\lambda$989) implies that the clouds are segregated, spanning a factor of $\gap$10 in distance or $\gap$100 in density. Across these regions the H I fraction varies from $\sim$10$^{-3}$ to $\sim$10$^{-6}$. The total hydrogen column ranges from a few times $10^{18}$ cm$^{-2}$ in the low ionization gas to $\sim$10$^{20}$ cm$^{-2}$ where the Ne VIII lines form. The Lyman continuum is expected to be optically thin throughout, consistent with the measured absence of a Lyman edge. The metal abundances are roughly solar or above. Implications of these results are discussed.
This work is supported by NASA grant NAG 5-1630.
ion
angle is undeviated through the spectrum. The broad emission lines
The physical origin of the much studied optical/UV ``Big Bump'' in
quasars is unknown. Even its suggestive connections with ``soft X-ray
excesses'' is uncertain. We have investigated several models for the
blue bump and the soft X-ray excess: (a) free-free emission from an
optically thin plasma (see Barvainis 1993 for a review), (b) optically
thick thermal emission from the innermost regions of an accretion disk
in both Schwarzschild and Kerr geometries (e.g.,
Shields 1978,
Malkan \& Sargent 1982, Czerny \& Elvis 1987, Sun \& Malkan 1989, Laor
1990, Fiore, $et al.$ 1994). We present the locus of each model in
optical/UV/soft X-ray color-color diagrams. The colors were optimized
to be indicators of particular spectral components and they provide
stronger discriminants than the standard UBV diagrams. These diagrams
clarify the limitations of both models in their pure form. Addition
of extra components is needed and we show how the simplest possible
addition (an underlying power law) brings disk models into agreement
with the data. We compare our results with the sample of 47 low z
quasars for which we have collected observations over a wide range of
frequencies (Elvis $et al.$ 1994).
d, we
propose that the polarization arises in an asymmetric distribution of
scatterers which are coincident with and/or interior to the BAL and
BEL regions, and the latter two need not be distinct. The bluer
\newcommand{\MgII}{Mg\,{\small II}}
In a spectroscopic survey of 56 intrinsically faint, steep-spectrum
quasars, we detected an excess of quasars with associated \MgII\
absorption line systems, in which $z_{abs}
\approx z_{em}$. This is in
contrast to other surveys using apparent magnitude selected samples
which have found no such excess above the background expected from
distributed absorbers. In our sample there is a strong correlation
between very red rest-frame B-V colors of the quasar and the presence
of associated \MgII\ absorption. In order to further understand this
result, we have obtained deep R-band images of two of the red quasars
(3C\,68.1 and 3C\,212) and begun a spectroscopic survey of quasars
selected for very red B-V color. In 3C\,68.1 ($z=1.24$), we observe a
prominent extension outside the quasar point source, and what is most
likely a foreground cluster. Spectroscopy of three faint red quasars
revealed no associated \MgII\ absorption lines. The implications of
these results are discussed.
results with the sample of 47 low z
quasars for which we have collected observations over a wide range of
frequencies (Elvis $et al.$ 1994).
d, we
propose that the polarization arises in an asymmetric distribution of
scatterers which are coincident with and/or interior to the BAL and
BEL regions, and the latter two need not be distinct. The bluer
We are carrying out quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength spectrophotometry from below Ly $\alpha$ to beyond H $beta$ for a sample of $\sim 50$\ radio-loud quasars with $z \sim 0.3$\ to 1.3. The aim is to understand the structure and physics of the nuclear environment -- through investigations of the Baldwin effect, comparison of line profiles and ratios, continuum shape, and X-ray and radio properties. In particular the sample is selected with constrained radio lobe luminosity, but with a wide range in the ratio of radio core to lobe flux density. We use the latter ratio as a prime indicator of orientation of the central engine, thus enabling us to investigate angle dependence of kinematics, optical depth, and anisotropy of the broad-band continuum. We will present some striking results derived from our sample, which is so far about 60\% complete.
Manchester} P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison)
We are carrying out quasi-simultaneous multiwavelength spectrophotometry from below Ly $\alpha$ to beyond H $beta$ for a sample of $\sim 50$\ radio-loud
We have made radio and optical observations of a selection of compact double radio sources discovered in the course of the the MIT-Green Bank-VLA gravitational lens search. These sources were chosen for followup by virtue of having two or more unresolved components separated by less than two arcseconds in VLA A-array maps at X Band (3.6 cm). Statistical studies have shown that the class of ``compact double radio sources'' are not, in general, larger objects seen end-on. This class is not well-studied at the present time, but they appear to be radio galaxies at large redshifts. We will present results from our 6 cm MERLIN observations of a sample of these sources. We will also present preliminary results of our optical followup program using the 1.3m McGraw-Hill telescope.
a foreground cluster. Spectroscopy of three faint red quasars
This report presents preliminary results of a search for high redshift quasars based on the Palomar Transit Grism Survey of Schmidt, Schneider \& Gunn. The original survey covers $\sim$ 60 square degrees of the sky with low-resolution slitless spectra of approximately 600,000 objects in the wavelength range from 4400~{\AA} to 7500~{\AA} and was designed to find emission line candidates of a given signal--to--noise ratio and equivalent width.
Our goal is to establish whether there is a significant number of high redshift quasars with weak or narrow emission lines by searching for objects with a continuum depression blueward of the Lyman break. In addition to providing an interesting sample of quasars with different emission line properties, these objects could explain the steep decline in the comoving space density of strong emission line quasars at redshifts higher than $\sim$ 2.5. The follow--up observations will be carried out with the new spectrograph at the 3.5m ARC Telescope, Apache Point, NM.
implications of
these results are discussed.
results with the sample of 47 low z
quasars for which we have collected observations over a wide range of
frequencies (Elvis $et al.$ 1994).
d, we
propose that the polarization arises in an asymmetric distribution of
scatterers which are coincident with and/or interior to the BAL and
BEL regions, and the latter two need not be distinct. The bluer
Markarian 421 is the closest (z=0.031), yet dimmest identified AGN
observed by EGRET. As yet, it is also the only AGN to be observed
at TeV energies by the Whipple Observatory imaging gamma-ray telescope.
The energy spectrum of Mrk421 between 0.3 GeV and 4 TeV was previously
reported to be 1.02x$10^{-11} E^{-2.06}$ photons/cm$^{2}$/s/TeV. At TeV
energies, this represents a 6$\sigma$ excess above background. However,
the EGRET and Whipple observations used to determine the spectrum were
not taken contemporaneously. Previous EGRET and Whipple observations
showed no strong evidence of variablility. In April 1994, Markarian 421
was observed with both the Whipple telescope and EGRET. The preliminary
results of the Whipple observations in the energy range between 0.25 TeV
and 10 TeV will be reported. Of special interest are energies above
3 TeV where the effects of intergalactic absorption from the IR
background should become noticeable.
distribution of
scatterers which are coincident with and/or interior to the BAL and
BEL regions, and the latter two need not be distinct. The bluer
The effects of dust on the spectral energy distribution (SED) of starburst regions of galaxies was investigated using Monte Carlo techniques to model the transport of radiation in systems where the dust and stars are mixed. In a recent paper, Calzetti, Kinney, \& Storchi-Bergmann (ApJ, 10 July 1994) derive an extinction curve from observations of starburst galaxies assuming the dust is in a screen geometry. This gives an extinction curve where the geometrical effects of mixing of the dust and stars are convolved with the extinguishing effects of the dust. The resulting extinction curve is greyer than the Galactic extinction curve and featureless in the ultraviolet, i.e. lacking both the 2200 \AA\ bump and far-UV rise.
In an attempt to explain this ``effective'' starburst extinction curve we have modeled the effects of dust on the SED of starbursts. A simple starburst model was used to determine the different populations of stars as a function of the starburst age. The flux at 23 wavelengths, ranging between 1000 \AA\ to 5500 \AA\, was computed using Monte Carlo techniques assuming the dust and stars were spherically distributed. The dust was assumed to have similar properties as dust in our Galaxy. The distribution of different star types ranged from mostly centrally located for O stars to constant density for A and later stars. In addition, the fraction of stars lying outside the dust ranged from very few for O stars to a majority for A and later stars. Combining the two models, it was found that the SED was strongly dependent on the distribution of the different types of stars relative to the dust, the age of the starburst, and the amount of dust. The ``effective'' UV extinction curve became greyer and featureless as the amount of dust was increased. For example, the 2200 \AA\ bump was almost non-existent for large amounts of dust.
This work was supported by NASA LTSA Grant NAGW-3168.
o orders
Long-slit spectroscopic observations of hot spot galaxies NGC 4321 and NGC 2903 will be presented. These galaxies display knots of radio and optical emission in their nuclear regions which suggest regions of intense star formation. Spectroscopic observations taken with the Kitt Peak 2.1m will be compared with radio and H-alpha images of these galaxies. Spectra of the optical hot spots reveal strong variations from spot to spot in the nature of the underlying continuum. Emission-line ratios in the nuclear regions also display a wide range of physical properties among the hot spots. These nuclear line ratios are significantly different from line ratios in comparison HII regions in the disks of these spriral galaxies. Optical spectra of knots of non-thermal radio emission will also be presented.
extinction
curve we have modeled the effects of dust on the SED of starbursts. A
simple starburst model was used to determine the different populations
NGC 2903 is a strongly barred galaxy harboring a nuclear starburst. We have mapped the 1.28$\mu$m Pa-$\beta$ recombination line using CRSP, the KPNO long-slit near IR spectrograph, on the KPNO 1.3m telescope. The map shows that star formation is strongly concentrated about 3" or 150pc to the north of the nucleus. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our observational technique compared to conventional narrow band and Fabry-Perot imaging.
display a wide range of physical properties among the hot spots.
These nuclear line ratios are significantly different from line ratios in
comparison HII regions in the disks of these spriral galaxies. Optical spectra
of knots of non-thermal radio emission will also be presented.
extinction
curve we have modeled the effects of dust on the SED of starbursts. A
simple starburst model was used to determine the different populations
Multi-wavelength observations of interacting
galaxy pairs provide a view the early stages of the merger process.
VLA 21cm HI observations and H$\alpha$\ imaging provide evidence of minor-axis
gas outflows, as well as the funneling of gas into the nuclei of some
galaxies (Arp 270 and Arp 283). Observations are ongoing for other systems
that appear to be at about the same stage of interaction as these pairs.
Comparisons are
made between the near-infrared and HI,
as well as optical and ROSAT PSPC observations in order to understand further
this type of star formation in colliding systems.
ing CRSP,
the KPNO long-slit near IR spectrograph, on the KPNO 1.3m telescope.
The map shows that star formation is strongly concentrated about 3" or
150pc to the north of the nucleus. We discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of our observational technique compared to conventional
narrow band and Fabry-Perot imaging.
As part of a multi-wavelength study of interacting galaxies with ring-like
structure, we observed 13 systems with the VLA in D-array at 8.4 GHz.
Four objects were also observed at 1.4 GHz and 4.8 GHz. Snapshots of 15-20
minutes were done to identify candidates for future deeper and higher
resolution observations. Nine of the 13 objects were detected at X-band
above a threshhold of about 0.2 mJy. Results will be compared with H-alpha
and infrared observations of these objects to study star formation
processes in the wake of a density wave resulting from a collision. The
regions of recently formed O/B stars are expected to be bright in H-alpha and
radio thermal bremstrahlung radiation. The internal optical extinction in
the star formation regions can in principle be estimated by comparisons of
H-alpha and radio thermal flux, thus allowing the stellar composition of the
star clusters in these regions to be deduced. We expect that diffusion of
relatavistic electrons from supernova sites results in non-thermal
radiation that lags behind the sites of young star formation, the latter being
richer in thermal radiation. Our preliminary results for ARP 10 are
consistent with this scenario in that we find the flattest spectrum part
of the radio map coincides with the region of brightest H-alpha flux.
ntrally located for O stars to constant density for A and
later stars. In addition, the fraction of stars lying outside the
We present our analysis of longslit spectrophotometric data for a sample of
ring galaxies. A detailed calculation of the radial variation of chemical
abundances is used to examine the star formation history and possible
collisional nature of these systems. We focus our attention on Arp 10, a
peculiar ring galaxy, which exhibits an azimuthal variation of the star
formation rate along the ring. Such a behavior is consistent with a
collisionally induced density wave. We estimate the kinematics inferred from
the spectra and present a plausible scenario of the evolution of the galaxy.
ormed O/B stars are expected to be bright in H-alpha and
radio thermal bremstrahlung radiation. The internal optical extinction in
the star formation regions can in principle be estimated by comparisons of
H-alpha and radio thermal flux, thus allowing the stellar composition of the
star clusters in these regions to be deduced. We expect that diffusion of
relatavistic electrons from supernova sites results in S12071207.tex 644 34 12 7173 5555513613 5647
Much work has focused on understanding the key processes which govern star formation in galactic disks and a major goal has been to establish the link between star formation activity and the physical and dynamical state of the interstellar medium. An important issue is how star formation ends in disks. Does it end abruptly, or is there a smooth decline in star formation activity? Is the location of the outermost HII region determined solely by galaxian properties, or is there a dependence on the local environment? Are there sites of recent star formation beyond the ``edge" of the old stellar disk?
HII regions are the clearest tracers of present day massive
star formation. In order to address the above issues, we have
undertaken a deep H$\alpha$ imaging study of the outer regions of a
sample of spiral galaxies. Our sample includes both field and
Virgo cluster galaxies which have been mapped in HI. We will
present some preliminary data from which we have identified a
number of galaxies with HII regions located at large galactocentric
radii. These regions often lie beyond the critical radius
for star formation predicted by simple gravitational instability
theories. We will discuss these data and investigate the
possible implications for disk evolution.
Much work has focused on understanding the key processes which govern star formation in galactic disks and a major goal has been to establish the link between star formation activity and the physical and dynamical state of the interstellar medium. An important issue is how star formation ends in disks. Does it end abruptly, or is there a smooth decline in star formation activity? Is the location of the outermost HII region determined solely by galaxian properties, or is there a dependence on the local environment? Are there sites of recent star formation beyond the ``edge" of the old stellar disk?
HII regions are the clearest tracers of present day massive
star formation. In order to address the above issues, we have
undertaken a deep H$\alpha$ imaging study of the outer regions of a
sample of spiral galaxies. Our sample includes both field and
Virgo cluster galaxies which have been mapped in HI. We will
present some preliminary data from which we have identified a
number of galaxies with HII regions located at large galactocentric
radii. These regions often lie beyond the critical radius
for star formation predicted by simple gravitational instability
theories. We will discuss these data and investigate the
possible implications for disk evolution.
star formation predicted by simple gravitational instability
theories. We will discuss these data and investigate the
possible implications for disk evolution.
The low surface brightness (LSB) disk galaxies found in recent surveys (e.g.,\ Schombert et al.\ 1992, AJ, 103, 1107) tend to be blue and gas rich. These properties along with their low mean surface luminosity and {\sc H i} densities imply an inefficient mode of star formation. The H$\alpha$ images that we present of a sample of these galaxies show the weak star formation in these galaxies relative to high surface brightness, Hubble sequence spirals. Most LSB disks harbor only a handful of widely scattered {\sc H ii} regions and generally have low total H$\alpha$ fluxes. However, in some cases these scattered areas of star formation can be quite vigorous. For example, the giant LSB disk galaxy F568-6 contains a complex that is comparable in size, mass, and star formation rate to a luminous irregular galaxy, but contributes only about 5\% of the galaxy's total blue luminosity (Bothun et al.\ 1990, ApJ, 360, 427). We present neutral hydrogen images of some of the largest known LSB galaxies. The gas in these galaxies is distributed in regularly rotating, giant, and also very low {\sc H i} surface brightness disks. A preliminary analysis shows that if most of the gas is in atomic hydrogen, large parts of the disks have total surface densities below the threshold for star formation to set in.
s Hopkins University,\\ Dept. of Physics and Astronomy\\
We present some of the initial results from the HST Medium Deep Survey (Key Project) using WFPC2 in cycle 4. WFPC2 has been used in parallel mode for the survey at the rate of a few fields every week since late January 1994, where each field is typically covered by several 30-40 minute "orbits", with exposures split between "wide V" (F606W) and "wide I" (F814W). The extragalactic part of ther Medium Deep Survey is directed towards an understanding of galaxy morphology at intermediate redshifts (0.1 to 0.7), with systematic ground-based spectroscopic and photometric follow-up.
Some of the initial WFPC2 images show evidence for compact, superluminous starburst regions within galaxies. We also detect a high fraction of disturbed and interacting systems, and estimates are made of these fractions relative to local galaxies.
We are performing a search for serendipitous objects, and present images of candidate lensing systems and merging/interacting galaxies.
ing the two models, it was found that the SED was
strongly dependent on the distribution of the different types
of stars relative to the dust, the age of the starburst, and the
amount of dust. The ``effective'' UV extinction curve became greyer
and featureless as the amount of dust was increased. For example, the
2200 \AA\ bump was almost non-existent for large amounts of dust.
This work was supported by NASA LTSA Grant NAGW-3168.
o orders
Bright accretion-powered systems exhibit many varieties of
time-variabilty, including flaring and quasiperiodic
oscillations. These may reflect variations in the source itself
intrinsic to rapid accretion; to assess this idea we examine the
time-dependent response of radiation-dominated spherical accretion
flows to radial and nonradial perturbations. Such flows may serve
as useful first approximations to the actual accretion flows in
low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) and other systems. Feedback between
the production of radiation and the flow of gas to the radiation
producing regions promotes the existence of global modes, each of
which is associated with a characteristic oscillation about steady
flow. The feedback mechanism is very general, implying that
radiation hydrodynamic oscillations may be a universal feature of
rapidly accreting systems. These oscillations are accompanied by
characteristic variations in the radiation output of the accretion
flow. Because heavily damped modes are unlikely to be observable,
we examine how the frequencies and the damping rates of global modes
depend on parameters such as the mass accretion rate. Under
conditions thought to be typical of LMXBs, the radial modes are
weakly damped and some nonradial modes are even linearly unstable.
Our results for the frequencies and structure of radial modes
confirm similar findings by Fortner, Lamb, and Miller~(1989).
When nonradial modes are active, the flow
develops regions through which material preferentially accretes, and
regions through which radiation preferentially escapes. Our linear
stability analysis suggests that these modes dominate the accretion
flow behavior when the system luminosity approaches the Eddington
limit, the critical point beyond which steady spherical accretion
becomes impossible. Nonradial mode frequencies behave very
differently from those of the radial modes, as they appear to depend
only weakly on the system luminosity. A connection may exist
between nonradial radiation hydrodynamic modes and the NB/FB
quasi-periodic intensity oscillations found in LMXBs, which also
display striking frequency stability.
Recent progress$^{1,2}$ in the application of numerical relaxation techniques has made possible the construction of steady-state boundary-layer solutions for thin alpha-disks around accreting unmagnetized stars. Physically acceptable solutions must satisfy the constraint that the radial inflow velocity not be supersonic. Preliminary results on new models of subsonic accretion will be presented.
Supported in part through KBN grant 2-1244-91-01.
\par\noindentReferences \hfil
\par\noindent 1. Paczy\'nski, B. 1991, ApJ 370, 597-603.
\par\noindent 2. Popham, R. \& Narayan, R. 1992, ApJ 394, 255-260.
ion
producing regions promotes the existence of global modes, each of
which is associated with a characteristic oscillation about steady
flow. The feedback mechanism is very general, implying that
radiation hydrodynamic oscillations may be a universal feature of
In a previous paper (Miller \& Lamb 1993) we showed that radiation forces are more important than general relativistic corrections to Newtonian gravitational forces in determining the motion of particles accreting onto a nonrotating, isotropically emitting neutron star if the luminosity is greater than $\sim$1\% of the Eddington critical luminosity $L_E^\infty$, even if the radius of the star is less than the radius of the innermost stable orbit. We also showed that at luminosities greater than $\sim 0.2L_E^\infty$, a substantial fraction of the accreting matter can transfer most of its angular momentum and gravitational binding energy to the radiation field before reaching the stellar surface.
Here we extend this work to include slow rotation of the gravitating mass
and radiation source, as well as radiation from ring-like boundary layers.
By ``slow rotation" we mean that the azimuthal velocity of the radiating
source is
$v/c\ll 1$ and that the dimensionless angular momentum of the gravitating
mass is $j\equiv cJ/GM^2\ll 1$; for all neutron stars with measured
rotation periods
$j<1$, so this is a good approximation. We find that, compared to particle
motion around nonrotating stars, the rate of radiation drag is decreased for
prograde motion around rotating sources. However, because the drag time is
increased, the total energy and angular momentum transfered from the particle
to the radiation field can actually be increased compared to the nonrotating
case. We conclude that in any disk-accreting neutron star source, radiation
drag will have a significant qualitative effect on particle motion.
This work was supported in part by NASA grant NAGW 830 at the University of
Chicago and by NSF grant PHY 91-00283 and NASA grant NAGW 1583 at the
University of Illinois.
omes impossible. Nonradial mode frequencies behave very
In the limit of short wavelengths, it has been shown that superfluidity
significantly affects wave propagation in neutron stars. Here we abandon the
short-wavelength restriction and extend these calculations to global
oscillation modes. In particular, we derive the equations of motion for
spheroidal oscillations, including superfluid effects. These modes are global
generalizations of one of the classes of waves considered previously.
In the present modal analysis of a neutron star,
we use a three component neutron star model, which consists of a fluid ocean,
a solid crust, and a fluid core.
The solid crust is divided into an outer crust and an inner crust, and a
superfluid of neutrons coexists with the solid lattice in the inner crust.
We have
computed several low-order global spheroidal modes for $l=2$ both with and
without superfluidity.
We find that the existence of superfluid in the inner crust affects the
frequency spectra of acoustic (p-) modes, shear (s-) modes, and interfacial
modes, although the suface g-modes are not affected at all by the superfluid.
s a good approximation. We find that, compared to particle
motion around nonrotating stars, the rate of radiation drag is decreased for
prograde motion around rotating sources. However, because the drag time is
increased, the total energy and angular momentum transfered from the particle
In this work we present a formulation of the Riemann solver for relativistic hydrodynamics. The Riemann solver presented here is an extension to the relativistic regeime of the high quality, two shock Riemann solver for non-relativistic hydrodynamics presented by Van Leer (1979) and Colella (1982). It, therefore, shows the same advantages that the previously mentioned reimann solvers show for non-relativistic hydrodynamics, viz. exact treatment for strong shocks and accurate treatment of contact discontinuities. We then incorporate the riemann solver into a multidimensional TVD algorithm and show that the algorithm allows one to calculate with precision several flows with very high Lorenz factors ( i.e. flows with speeds very close to the speed of light). Applications to astrophysical flows will be presented.
heroidal modes for $l=2$ both with and
without superfluidity.
In previous work, Balsara and Norman (1992), we had focussed on simulating narrow angle tailed radio sources as fluid beams that are bent by the ram pressure of a cross flowing ICM. This allowed a comparison with several observable attributes of NAT sources. In particular we were able to make estimates of bending rate, beam profile, radial evolution and formation and interspacing of knots. The previous work suffered from the fact that the ISM of the host galaxy was not represented. In this work we remove that restriction by representing the host galaxy's ISM self-consistently using the prescription given in Balsara, Livio and O'Dea (1994). We then run jets through it and compare with observations.
d.
heroidal modes for $l=2$ both with and
without superfluidity.
We study the process of a galaxy moving through the intercluster gas in a cluster of galaxies, using a high quality hydrocode run at high resolutions. We find that ram pressure strippingoccurs in the form of individual events that are separated by about ten million years. In addition we find that the galaxy accretes gas from the downstream side into the core. This accretion process exhibits a radial "pumping" mode, similar to the one found previously in simulations of wind accretion onto compact objects. Some implications of our results for the understanding of a few recent observations are discussed.
{07}
Thermal gas always has associated atomic spectral features either in absorption or in emission. In optically thin gas the emission spectrum is dominated by line radiation and recombination continua. An example of radiation from optically thin material in accreting systems is the emission-line-dominated spectrum of a cataclysmic variable in its low state.
Barvainis (1993, ApJ, 412, 513) and others have proposed that the UV/soft-X-ray excess prominent in the spectra of many AGN is due to free-free emission from gas at temperatures of $10^5 - 10^6$ K. Simple arguments using only atomic data show that the recombination radiation from emission lines would produce UV, optical, and soft X-ray spectral features orders of magnitude stronger than observed. Collisional excitation produces even more line radiation under most physical conditions.
As a particular example I take the Astro-1 observations of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 335 by HUT and BBXRT. Depending on the ionization state of the gas (which may be photoionized by the central source), the emission measure of the free-free radiation necessary to produce the UV continuum ($3 \times 10^{68} \rm cm^{-3}$ at $8.2 \times 10^5$ K for $\rm H_o = 75~km~s^{-1}~Mpc^{-1}$) implies line emission from O VI, O VII, or O VIII more than a factor of 10 stronger than any features observed by HUT or BBXRT.
reased, the total energy and angular momentum transfered from the particle
We obtained far-ultraviolet spectra of the quasar 3C 273 using the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT) during the flight of Astro-1 aboard the space Shuttle Columbia in December 1990. The HUT spectra cover the 830-1850 \AA\ wavelength range with a resolution of $\sim$3 \AA. In two successive orbits we accumulated 3389 s of high quality data. Approximately 750 s of the total were obtained during orbital night. Our spectra extend well past the Lyman edge down to a wavelength of 787 \AA\ in the rest frame of this z=0.158 quasar.
The HUT spectrum shows a steeply rising continuum in the far ultraviolet
with a distinct break to a flatter slope at 1128 $\pm$ 3.5 \AA\, just
longward of the redshifted Lyman edge of 3C 273.
The continuum shape is empirically well characterized by a broken power law in
$F_\lambda$ with a spectral index of 1.6
at wavelengths longer than 1128 \AA\ and 0.2 at shorter wavelengths.
We propose that the break and the flattening of the continuum
may be due to Lyman edge features in the spectrum of an accretion disk.
We model the spectral shape in the Lyman edge region
using an $\alpha$-disk with an adiabatic vertical structure.
We compute the emitted spectrum by solving the radiative transfer numerically.
The observed spectrum is corrected for relativistic effects
assuming a Schwarzschild metric, and
we also consider the effect of Comptonization by a surrounding hot corona
on the observed spectrum.
A realistic disk spectrum with a modest amount of Comptonization can
describe the continuum shape nearly as well as the best-fit broken power law.
n.
This work was supported in part by NASA grant NAGW 830 at the University of
Chicago and by NSF grant PHY 91-00283 and NASA grant NAGW 1583 at the
University of Illinois.
omes impossible. Nonradial mode frequencies behave very
The theory of spectral formation in thermal X$-$ray sources, where the effects of Comptonization and Klein$-$Nishina corrections are important, is presented. Analytical expressions are obtained for the produced spectrum as a function of such input parameters as the plasma temperature, the optical depth of the plasma cloud and the injected soft photon spectrum. The analytical theory developed here takes into account the dependence of the scattering opacity on the photon energy. It is shown that the plasma temperature as well as the asymptotic rate of photon escape from the plasma cloud determine the shape of the upscattered hard tail in the emergent spectra, even in the case of very small optical depths. The escape distributions of photons are given for any optical depth of the plasma cloud and their asymptotic for very small and large optical depths are examined. The comparison of the new analytical theory with extensive Monte-Carlo calculations are also presented. It is shown that this new generalized approach matches extremely well the Monte-Carlo calculation in very wide ranges of plasma temperature (1$-$500 keV) and plasma cloud optical depths (0.1$-$10). The fits of spectra by the analytical Comptonization model for a large variety of hard X$-$ray sources and determination of the plasma temperature in the region of main energy release in Cyg X$-$1 and the Seyfert galaxy NGC 4151 are discussed. archuk \& Xin-Min Hua} P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA)
The theory of spectral formation in thermal X$-$ray sources, where the effects of Comptonization and Klein$-$Nishina corrections are important, is presented. Analytical expressions are obtained for the produced spectrum as a function of such input parameters as the plasma temperature, the optical depth of the plasma cloud and the injected soft photon spectrum.
The impact of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 has been simulated in 2D axisymmetric geometry and full 3D using the Los Alamos Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics code (SPHINX). The objective of this study is to calculate energy deposition profiles and fireball evolution histories for a range of comet parameters. We hope to use these results to infer comet properties from observations. The modeling proceeds in two phases. In Phase I, the collision of the incoming fragment, or bolide, is calculated, and its kinetic energy profile is differentiated to give an energy deposition profile. The deposition profile is used as input to Phase II (see companion paper by Stellingwerf et al.) in which the fireball evolution is calculated.
Two different bolide densities were simulated, 0.2 $g/cm^{3}$ and 0.92 $g/cm^{3}$. The incoming bolide velocity was 60 km/sec and the impact angle was taken to be 45 degrees. Since the calculation is 2D, this means simply that the bolide's depth in the atmosphere is equal to its distance traveled times the cosine of 45 degrees. The baseline calculation assumed a spherical bolide with a diameter of 1 km. Various physical models were used for the bolide including perfect gas equations of state (eos), more realistic eos's and strength of materials.
The model for the Jupiter atmosphere was a fit to the Orton atmosphere. The eos for the atmosphere for most of the calculations was taken to be a perfect gas with a gamma of 1.2. A sesame tabular eos was also used. Rather than modeling the entire atmosphere, small sections were modeled using blocks of particles with blocks being shuffled in and out as the calculation progressed. Calculations were done with different size sections to test the sensitivity of the results to this procedure.
The results indicate energy deposition for the 0.2 density, 1 km
diameter case occurring between 50-200 km. The penetration is seen to
increase somewhat as the bolide resolution is improved.
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics computations have been carried out of ``phase 2'' (fireball development and rise) of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 impact on Jupiter. Energy deposition was derived from the computations discussed in the previous abstract. Both 2-dimensional axisymmetric and full 3-dimensional computations will be discussed. A fit to the Orton atmosphere of Jupiter was used for the initial density and temperature structure.
These SPH computations clearly show the rise of the expanding heated region on a timescale of about one minute. Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities are generated along the shear layer at the outer edge of the rising gas. At the top of the bubble a hot shock propagates into the outer atmosphere to heights exceeding 400 km, and should be visible from earth. The temperature of this shock approaches 1 eV for the larger fragments, which should trigger emission by the ionized hydrogen.
Parameter studies of the dependence of observables on fragment mass and density are underway and will be reported.
This work and that of the preceding talk are supported by the Department of Energy.
e used for the bolide including perfect gas
equations of state (eos), more realistic eos's and strength of
materials.
The model for the Jupiter atmosphere was a fit to the Orton
atmosphere. The eos for the atmosphere for most of the calculations
was taken to be a perfect gas with a gamma of 1.2. A sesame tabular
Evidence is presented for the clear association of HCS crossings with the DEs observed in Halley's comet, 1985-1986. This report ex-tends the pre- vious work (Brandt et al. 1992, BAAS, 24, 1270 and Yi et al. 1994, PASS, in press) from 16 to 19 DEs and is now thought to include all the major DEs observed in comet Halley.
Improvements to the analysis include use of the latest current-sheet loca- tions and a different fitting technique that significantly reduces the uncer- tainties as determined by comparing the extrapolated HCS location with locations directly measured by spacecraft. The RMS dispersion of the spacecraft measurements around the extrap-olated HCS locations is lower than the corresponding value for DEs. These values can be completely reconciled if the DE process (from HCS crossing to actual disconnection) has a dispersion of about 1/2 day.
The comet Halley interval in 1985-1986 was exceptionally favorable for this type of study with excellent imaging coverage of the comet, solar- wind data available from several spacecraft, and HCS loca-tions available for coronal source surfaces. These favorable circum-stances are unlikely to be repeated anytime in the foreseeable fu-ture.
If we assume that DEs have a common cause and that the DEs ob-served in comet Halley are representative, then the result that they are associated with HCS crossings, and apparently no other prop-erty of the solar wind (such as high-speed streams), gives clear di-rection to theoretical efforts.
ng 400 km, and should be visible from earth. The temperature of this
shock approaches 1 eV for the larger fragments, which should trigger emission
by the ionized hydrogen.
Parameter studies of the dependence of observables on fragment mass and density
Some meteoroids such as the daytime fireball of August 10, 1972 that
went over the Western United States and the European fireball of
October 12, 1990 grazed the atmosphere of Earth before returning to
space (at reduced speed). Others, such as the October, 1992 impactor
(a small fragment of which smashed into the back end of a car in
New York State), entered the atmosphere in a near grazing angle but
plunged deeply enough into the atmosphere to ultimately plunge to
ground. We can anticipate there there must be some range of closest-approach
distances and velocities such that the meteoroid would be captured into
a bound orbit around Earth after its first passage through the atmosphere. Any
such captured object must ultimately plunge to ground due to further
atmospheric dissipation in subsequent passages unless the gravitational
field of the moon or other intervention is able to raise its perigee
above the atmosphere after the initial capture. We have used a
spherical atmospheric model to integrate the passage of meteoroids in
near grazing encounters. We find that the corrider for capture is narrow,
and it becomes narrower as the pre-encounter velocity V increases. If
V = 5 km/s (velocity prior to gravitational acceleration by Earth),
stony meteoroids with closest-approach distances of h = 40 km above
the ground are captured into bound orbits if their radii, R, are
between 3 and 9 meters. For V = 15 km/s and h = 40 km, capture only
occurs if R is between 1.5 and 2 meters. Irons with V = 5 km/s and
h = 40 km are captured if R is between 1 and 3.5 meters, while irons
with V = 15 km/s are captured if R is between 0.6 and 0.9 meters.
lations were done with different size sections to test the
sensitivity of the results to this procedure.
The results indicate energy deposition for the 0.2 density, 1 km
diameter case occurring between 50-200 km. The penetration is seen to
increase somewhat as the bolide resolution is improved.
The origin of Trojan asteroids, which librate about Jupiter's L$_4$ and L$_5$ points, presents a long-standing puzzle in planetary dynamics. Models of Trojan asteroid origin are usually based on the assumption that they were inserted into their present orbits as a result of collisions after the formation of Jupiter. However, Peale (1994, {\it Icarus} 106 , 308) has shown that the Lagrange points could be stable in the presence of the solar nebula, opening up the possibility that nebula gas drag played a role in inserting asteroids into the Lagrange points. We have recently performed a series of numerical simulations of the migration of planetesimals due to nebula drag. We find that a planetesimal can have a close encounter with a planet which inserts it into the 1/1 resonance. When the planet is on a circular orbit, the planetesimal has a second encounter which causes it to be ejected from the resonance. However, when the planet's orbit is eccentric then the resulting asymmetry in the planetesimal's orbital evolution prevents further close encounters with the planet. In the case of planetesimals approaching a $10^{-6}$M$_{\sun}$ planet with an eccentricity $e \ge 0.02$, then $\sim 10\%$ of the migrating bodies can be thrown into the 1/1 resonance and decay down to the L$_5$ point.
This work was supported in part through NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Grant \# NAGW-2061 at UCSB and \# NAGW-1107 at SUNYSB.
nd 2 meters. Irons with V = 5 km/s and
A gamma-ray burst which occurred on February 17 1994 was observed by Ulysses,
BATSE, COMPTEL, and EGRET. Using Ulysses and BATSE, an annulus of arrival
positions with a width of about 5' was obtained which is consistent with all
other position determinations. Of particular interest is the EGRET
observation of this event. During the 160 second period when the burst was
clearly observed by Ulysses and BATSE, EGRET detected 10 photons with
energies up to 4.4 GeV. In the 15 minutes which followed, 6 photons were
detected. The diffuse gamma ray background in this direction results in
about one photon above 30 MeV detected by EGRET in 7 minutes. On the
subsequent Compton Observatory orbit, 1.5 hours later, EGRET had 20 minutes
of livetime, and 10 gamma rays were detected from the region around the
annulus, one with energy 26 GeV. This represents both the longest lasting
and the highest energy emission ever observed from a gamma-ray burst source.
tion prevents
further close encounters with the planet. In the case of
planetesimals approaching a $10^{-6}$M$_{\sun}$ planet with an
eccentricity $e \ge 0.02$, then $\sim 10\%$ of the migrating bodies
can be thrown into the 1/1 resonance and decay down to the L$_5$ point.
This work was supported in part through NASA Planetary Geology and
Geophysics Grant \# NAGW-2061 at UCSB and \# NAGW-1107 at SUNYSB.
nd 2 meters. Irons with V = 5 km/s and
We report on the spatial coincidence of two gamma ray bursts imaged by the
COMPTEL experiment on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory. These bursts,
GRB930704 and GRB940301 out of a total of seventeen, are separated by
$1.7\deg$ ($\sim$1 RMS $\sigma$ for these two bursts). They potentially arise
from the same object, placing severe constraints on the cosmological origin of
these events. Assuming gamma ray bursts are distributed isotropically and
taking into account the COMPTEL sky exposure map, the probability of two random
bursts occuring within $1.7\deg$ is less than 5\%. The lightcurves and
spectra of the two bursts measured in both the telescope and spectroscopic modes
differ significantly, ruling out the possibility that the two bursts are
gravitationally lensed images of the same object. With the COMPTEL rate of
burst detections within its field-of-view and assuming that this is a chance
coincidence of independent events, another similar coincidence of bursts should
not occur in another 50 years of COMPTEL operation.
Geophysics Grant \# NAGW-2061 at UCSB and \# NAGW-1107 at SUNYSB.
nd 2 meters. Irons with V = 5 km/s and
We have utilized the BATSE--measured gamma--ray burst intensity distribution
in conjunction with the general properties satisfied by integral moments to
constrain significantly the permissable range of luminosities from which the
observed gamma--ray bursts must be drawn. The constraints are independent
of the functional form of the burst radial distribution. Given a distance
independent luminosity function, the range of luminosity from which 80$\%$
of the observed gamma--ray bursts must be drawn may not exceed $\sim$6.5,
with a 3--sigma upper limit of approximately 12. The finding that a
substantial majority of bursts are passable standard--candles has important
ramifications for many burst production models.
the COMPTEL sky exposure map, the probability of two random
bursts occuring within $1.7\deg$ is less than 5\%. The lightcurves and
spectra of the two bursts measured in both the telescope and spectroscopic modes
I use a smoothed nonparametric method (Caditz \& Petrosian 1993) to determine the
slope of the $\log (N)$- $\log (C_p)$ distribution for $\sim 200$ $\gamma$-ray bursts observed
by BATSE. This method reduces uncertainties due to detector threshold variation
and numerical fluctuations and it has the advantage of determining the slope directly
from the data without binning or parametric fits. The results are compared with
halo and cosmological models for the intrinsic burster distribution.
distributions and luminosity functions are analyzed and compared to BATSE
observations using techniques described in Hakkila et al.
(1994a, ApJ 422, 664) and Hakkila et al. (1994b, Proc. 1993 Hunts. Workshop).
Local Group Galaxies other than the Milky Way and M31 do not appear able to
contribute significantly in any coronal/extended halo scenario, as they would
(1) raise the overall
1 and 3.5 meters, while irons
with V = 15 km/s are captured if R is between 0.6 and 0.9 meters.
lations were done with different size sections to test the
sensitivity of the results to this procedure.
The results indicate energy deposition for the 0.2 density, 1 km
diameter case occurring between 50-200 km. The penetration is seen to
increase somewhat as the bolide resolution is improved.
We show that the brightest $\approx$ 20 sources in the current BATSE
catalog (as measured by the peak
rates in 64, 256 and 1024 ms and the four fluences) are not
distributed isotropically on the sky and that their mean
vector points in a direction near several known indicators of large-scale
structure within $z \sim 0.5$. These structure indicators include
peaks in the distributions of low redshifts quasars, optical galaxies,
IRAS galaxies, and the microwave background dipole moment. The mean
vector of the large-scale structure indicators is centered on galactic
coordinates $l = 265\deg$ and $b = 40\deg$ and the mean vector of the brightest
$\gamma$-ray bursts is centered on $l = 256\deg$ and $b = 42\deg$. (The close
agreement is at least in part accidental since the standard
error of the means are somewhat greater than the angular separation of the two
mean vectors). The statistical significance of the
anisotropy itself is, as expected, only marginal with the probability
of a chance occurrence being $\sim 0.01 - 0.1$. However, when
combined with the probability of an accidental correlation ($\sim$ 0.1)
with the large-scale indicators, a physical association is suggested.
If real, the absence of
a similar correlation in the PVO, Kronus and earlier $\gamma$-ray burst
data, which detected the rarer and much brighter homogeneously distributed
bursts, would imply that these instruments
primarily detected a different population of sources, a possibility already
suggested by the absence of cyclotron lines in the BATSE bursts and the
different flux distributions.
As a test of these speculative results we predict that the mean
vector of the $\sim 10\%$ brightest bursts
in future BATSE catalogs will point in a direction near to that found here.
n is seen to
increase somewhat as the bolide resolution is improved.
We have used a technique based on analysis of normalized integral moments
to test the compatibility of various Friedmann cosmological models (including
those which admit a cosmological constant $\Lambda$) with the intensity
distribution of gamma--ray bursts observed by BATSE. We find that models
with a zero $\Lambda$ and a (typical) spectral index $\alpha$ = 2 are
consistent with the data only if the maximum redshift observed by BATSE is
less than 1.25. Higher limiting redshifts are possible only if the bursts
have a spectrum much flatter than typically observed, or if they are embedded
in a Universe with a positive $\Lambda$. Furthermore, the closer the actual
value of the maximum redshift to the limiting values derived, the narrower
must be the width of the luminosity distribution function for the bursts.
Coupled with a similar result for Euclidean geometries (see the paper by
Horack and Emslie elsewhere at this meeting), this result requires that if
gamma--ray bursts truly span a wide range of burst luminosities, then they
must not only be cosmological in origin, but also must be embedded in a
Universe with a positive cosmological constant.
ddress{Department of Physics \\ UAH \\
The filamentary structure in 13CO radio maps of the Orion A, Orion B
and Monoceros R2 molecular clouds was analyzed using the Minimal
Spanning Tree. This represents the first time the MST has been applied
to an extended region such as maps of molecular clouds. The method of
preparing and analyzing the data is presented. Integrated maps over
a range of velocities were examined as well as a velocity cube
constructed from individual 0.5 km s-1 wide channel maps.
The results show that there is overwhelming objective and statistical
evidence that the filamentary structure does exist in all three of
these regions. Previous techniques to identify filaments were generally
visual, and therefore subjective. The major filaments in Orion A show linear
features extending throughout the entire length. The structure in the
velocity cube clearly shows the continuous velocity gradient. Orion B
cloud shows distinct regions with north to south orientations. The
velocity cube contains a number of filaments at greatly differing
velocities, with little evidence of large scale velocity gradients. Mon
R2 cloud exhibits two main filamentary components, one of which is
associated with both bright condensed regions. The velocity structure
reveals an overall velocity gradient.
d earlier $\gamma$-ray burst
data, which detected the rarer and much brighter homogeneously distributed
bursts, would imply that these instruments
spectrometer, KWIC on the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. KWIC (Kuiper
Widefield Infrared Camera) is an imaging
spectrometer/spectrophotometer designed to yield diffraction limited
images between 18 and 44 microns from the KAO. KWIC centers on a
SIRTF funded 128 by 128 pixel Si:Sb BIB array. The plate scale
(2.5" per pixel) was chosen to oversample the primary diffraction
lobe of the KAO telescope at 35 microns (9"). Even with this
oversampling
the large array format yields a 5.4 by 5.4 arcminute field of view. The
resolution achieving devices are fully tunable cryogenic Fabry-Perot
interferometers.
We flew KWIC on the KAO for the first time in late February, 1994.
For this paper, we will discuss the large scale (7' by 11') image we
obtained of the Orion Nebula in the 37 micron continuum. The 37
micron continuum traces UV heated warm dust at the HII
region/molecular cloud interface or near the IR cluster. Our
diffraction limited image breaks the Orion bar interface region into
wispy, clumpy structures, defines the bowl-shaped edges of the
blister HII region, shows finger-like projections of dust away from the
Orion outflow and point-like sources near the Trapezium cluster. Our
data will be tied in with other tracers to constrain the physical
conditions and morphology of the Orion Nebula.
nts
We report on an ongoing project to measure with high resolution the magnetic field geometries in deeply embedded star forming regions. It is
widely believed that magnetic fields play a crucial role in star
formation on scales ranging from the stellar size to that of the parent
molecular cloud. So far, measurements of the magnetic field structure
have only been made on the largest scales and little is known about the
structure within collapsing protostellar condensations and
circumstellar disks. Interferometric imaging of linearly polarized
emission from magnetically aligned dust grains can provide information
on the magnetic geometry in nearby star forming regions on scales
ranging from 100 to 3000 A.U.
In 1994 February we installed tunable reflecting polarizers on 5
elements of the OVRO mm interferometer. Configured as $\lambda/4$
plates the polarizers allow us to multiplex between right and left hand
circular polarizations on each telescope and thus to make images using all
4 stokes parameters. Cross circular polarizations minimize the
systematic errors in measuring weakly linearly polarized emission such
as that expected from aligned dust grains in star forming regions.
We will present a summary of the instrument performance and results
from the ongoing polarimetric observations of dust and maser emission
from nearby star forming regions.
nts
Although water may be abundant in molecular clouds,
measurements of the abundance are difficult because atmospheric
absorption prevents access to transitions between low-lying
levels. Highly excited transitions are observable from
the ground,
but they sample only hot and dense gas and
are usually masing, and are not useful for deriving
the abundance. We have detected
the 547~GHz $1_{10} - 1_{01}$ ground-state
transition of
ortho-$\rm H_2{}^{18}O$, using our submillimeter SIS receiver
flying aboard the NASA Kuiper Airborne Observatory.
The 547~GHz line is
in absorption towards Sgr~B2 and is in emission in OMC-1.
For Sgr~B2, the source structure and radiative
transfer modeling lead us to conclude that we are sampling
the cool, quiescent molecular envelope rather than the hot core region.
For ortho-$\rm H_2{}^{18}O$,
only the $1_{01}$ ground state is expected to have a significant
population in this envelope.
We derive an $\rm H_2{}^{18}O$ column density of
$1.1 \times 10^{14}
\ \rm cm^{-2}$, which gives
$\rm H_2{}^{18}O / H_2 \approx 7 \times 10^{-10}$
and $\rm H_2O / H_2 \approx 1.8 \times 10^{-7}$, assuming
$\rm {}^{16}O / {}^{18}O \approx 250$.
The velocity width of the 547~GHz emission line in OMC-1 is consistent
with the $\rm 20\ km\ s^{-1}$ outflow which is associated with
22~GHz maser emission, indicating that we may be sampling shock-excited
gas. We have also made a tentative detection in OMC-1 of the
$2_{11}-2_{02}$ transition of para-$\rm H_2{}^{18}O$ at 745~GHz.
This work was supported in part by grants from
NASA (NAG2-744 and NAGW-107), NASA/JPL, and an NSF
Presidential Young Investigator grant to J. Zmuidzinas.
will point in a direction near to that found here.
n is seen to
increase somewhat as the bolide resolution is improved.
Isolated dark globules, also known as Bok globules or Barnard objects,
are nearby dense interstellar clouds of dust and gas which are primarily
heated externally by the interstellar radiation field (ISRF). Many
dark globules show an excess in the mid-infrared (MIR; $10 - 100 \mu m$).
This excess has generally been attributed to an internal heat source
(e.g., a protostellar object), since conventional large grains
heated only by the ISRF cannot account for the MIR
excess. On the other hand, if very small grains are
present in these clouds, they may be responsible for the MIR
excess through transient heating by the ISRF. In such a case, the
postulation of an internal heat source is not necessary.
To quantitatively determine whether a MIR excess in dark globules
uniquely implies the presence of an internal heat source, we have
modeled B335 - a source
known to have a $60 \mu m$ excess and an internal heat source.
We have compared observational data with the
results of two models: an internally heated one with
only conventional large grains ($a \sim 0.1 \mu m$), and an externally heated
one with both large and very small grains ($a > 10 \AA$).
We find that both models can reproduce the
observed flux spectrum, implying that a MIR excess in dark
globules does not uniquely imply the presence of an internal heat source. The
parameters for both models are within observational constraints.
We also find that although the flux may be used to
differentiate between these two cases, the surface brightness is a more
important diagnostic tool.
Internally heated sources show extra emission at the center, and strong
short wavelength emission at smaller radii. Externally heated sources,
on the other hand, show less emission at the center of the cloud, and
limb brightening at shorter wavelengths. Our models suggest that these
two possibilities could be differentiated at $ 60 \mu m$.
This work has been partially supported by a NASA Grant to CML, and an
NDSEG/DoD Fellowship to SDD.
modes and the NB/FB
quasi-periodic intensity oscillations found in LMXBs, which also
display striking frequency stability.
T Tauri lies on an arc of reflection nebulosity which extends approximately
3$^{\prime\prime}$ N and 2$^{\prime\prime}$ SW from the star. This nebula has
a characteristic width of 0.5$^{\prime\prime}$, is concave open toward the
nearby Burnham's Nebula, and is closely aligned with the optical polarization
vector of the system. The morphology T Tau's edge-brightened cometary nebula
is similar to models of scattered light from a flared, optically thick disk
observed from 45 degrees above the equator plane. No optical counterpart
to the infrared companion is seen to a limiting magnitude of V= 23.
WFPC2 images of HL Tauri show that this object is entirely reflection
nebulosity at optical wavelengths. No stellar source is visible to a
limiting magnitude of V$=$ 26, a result which dictates a significant
upward revision of the luminosity and mass estimates for HL Tau.
The V-I color of the nebula is dominated by foreground extinction,
with only small internal color changes. The bright core of the nebula
has an east-west elongation of 1$^{\prime\prime}$ and has an unusual morphology.
We will discuss the implications of these results for i).
HL Tau's
stellar type and ii).
models for the distribution of the circumstellar
matter.
esence of an internal heat source, we have
modeled B335 - a source
We report thermal infrared spectroscopy of 51 Ophiuchi (B9.5Ve)
obtained in Feb 1993 at the IRTF using the Aerospace 3 - 14 micron
spectrograph. The IR excess reported by Fajardo et al. (ApJ Let, 417, L33)
is resolved to show a broad silicate emission feature that would
seem to be associated with warm (600 K), small dust particles. The
feature is smooth and nearly structureless and does not show the
breaks in the spectrum near 9 and 11.3 microns. In this paper we
present the spectrum and discuss it in relation to those of beta Pic,
other shell sources and some recent comets.
of the circumstellar
matter.
esence of an internal heat source, we have
modeled B335 - a source
We present initial results from our program of near infrared
spectroscopy of close binary pre-main sequence stars. This study
concentrates on the so-called Infrared Companions (IRC). These objects
have colour temperatures lower than any known star ($< 1500$~K), yet
are frequently more luminous than their visible primaries. Matter
accreting onto the companion or perhaps a circumstellar disk is one
possible explanation for the large infrared emission from IRC's. By
spatially separating the primary and companion, the spectra allow us
to search for signatures of accretion shocks and disks, for example
molecular hydrogen and CO emission in the K band (2.0--2.4~$\mu$m). We
show and discuss the spectra of several IRC systems, including T~Tau,
Haro~6--10, and UY~Aur.
have
modeled B335 - a source
The aim of this Infrared Space Observatory [ISO], NASA-selected
Guarranteed Time observing program is to establish the true frequency for
far-infrared excesses in a volume-limited sample of main
sequence and related stars, in order to address the relative
success or failure of single stars in processes related to the
forming of planetary systems. For a volume-limited subset
of main sequence and related stars, PHT03 measurements at
3.6, 11.5, 20 and 60 microns will be obtained, using a 120
arcsec aperture in all cases to eliminate possible companion
confusion with differing apertures. For the M dwarfs, 100
micron observations will also be obtained. For some, brighter
sources, more extensive wavelength coverage and improved
spatial resolution will be attempted, using CAM and SWS.
We also plan PHOT micro-scanning 60 micron observations
of the brightest and nearest Vega-like sources to measure
the characteristic sizes of the emitting regions and obtain some
information regarding their shapes and orientations. The goal
is to derive the intrinsic size and shape of the
FWHM contour of the emitting region. We also plan photometry
of selected lines of sight through the zodiacal dust into possible
outer solar system (Kuiper Belt) material. Observations at a
range of wavelengths, ecliptic latitudes and at 2 epochs are
designed to help untangle foreground from background flux,
not necessarily to look for individual macroscopic objects.
We are pleased to acknowledge partial support for this effort
through NASA grant NAGW-3680 to the University of Denver.
E.Stencel} % REQUIRED
Multi-waveband observations of thirty quasars
and active galaxies with flat radio spectra (referred to here as FRSQ's)
have been
conducted to determine their radio to infrared and X-ray to gamma-ray
properties and the relationships between them. Specifically, the synchrotron
self-Compton (SSC)
process is examined as a likely common radiation mechanism.
Very Long Baseline Interferometry is used in
conjunction with radio to submillimeter-wave observations to determine
the parameters of the synchrotron spectrum.
These parameters are used to predict the SSC X-ray flux densities.
Seven of thirty sources have predicted Compton X-ray flux densities
well above the observed
flux densities obtained with the ROSAT satellite.
It is concluded that these sources experience
internal relativistic motion directed toward the observer's line of sight,
which lowers the predicted Compton X-ray flux.
Three of these seven sources are detected at gamma-ray frequencies.
Model spectra
show that the X-rays are consistent
with the first order SSC process.
The gamma-rays are not produced via second order self-Compton
scattering, but are rather produced either by first order self-Compton
scattering or by another process.
A comparison of the ROSAT X-ray flux densities and those obtained earlier
with the Einstein Observatory
show that many FRSQ's are X-ray variables,
with a factor of 2--3 between minimum and maximum brightness. Sources
that were observed more than once with ROSAT also show variability over this
shorter timescale. In several sources (e.g., 4C 39.25 and NRAO 140)
the X-ray variability is associated with
millimeter variability.
Gamma-ray detections are also related to increases in the
radio to millimeter-wave spectrum. Model spectra show that the
relationship
between the predicted high energy and radio to infrared spectra is sensitive
to whether magnetic field or electron energy density dominates the
variations. Implications for the SSC model and models that include
scattering of external photons are discussed.
Statistical analysis shows that the millimeter-wave and X-ray
luminosities for the sample are strongly correlated, with
a linear regression
slope $\sim$ 0.6. The peak in the distribution of X-ray
to millimeter spectral indices also indicates a strong connection between
millimeter-wave and X-ray emission.
We have defined a complete sample of radio galaxies chosen from
Abell's northern catalog consisting of all clusters with measured
redshifts $< 0.09$. This sample consists of nearly 300 clusters.
A multiwavelength survey including optical CCD R-Band imaging,
optical spectroscopy, and VLA 20 cm radio maps has been compiled.
I have used this database to study the optical/radio properties
of radio galaxies in the cluster environment. In particular,
optical properties have been compared to a radio-quiet selected
sample to look for optical signatures which may distinguish
radio galaxies from normal
radio-quiet ellipticals. The
correlations between radio morphology and galaxy type, the
optical dependence of the {\sl FR I/II} break, and the
univariate and bivariate luminosity functions have been examined
for this sample. This study is aimed at understanding radio
galaxies as a population and examining their status in
the AGN heirarchy. The results of this work will be applied
to models of radio source evolution.
The results from the optical data analysis suggest that radio
galaxies, as a class, cannot be distinguished from non-radio
selected elliptical galaxies. The magnitude/size relationship,
the surface-brightness profiles, the fundamental plane, and the
intrinsic shape of the radio galaxies are consistent between our
radio galaxy and control sample.
The radio galaxies also trace the elliptical galaxy optical
luminosity function in clusters very well; with many more $L^*$
galaxies than brightest cluster members. Combined with the
results of the spectroscopy, the data are consistent with the idea
that all elliptical galaxies may at some point in their lifetimes
become radio sources.
In conclusion, I present a new observational picture for radio
galaxies and discuss the important properties which may determine
the evolution of individual sources.
d or electron energy density dominates the
variations. Implications for the SSC model and models that include
High redshift radio galaxies appear to be
young systems rich in gas and dust and undergoing
substantial star formation. The also radiate a substantial amount of
reprocessed light from an active nucleus.
At redshifts $z>2$, these massive galaxies
are the best observational probes of ongoing galaxy formation at
early epochs. Recent results from deep optical, infrared, submillimeter, and
radio observations will be presented.
uthor{K. C. Chambers}
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA)
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO)
The evolution of the optical quasar luminosity function
is well described as `pure luminosity evolution'
with the characteristic luminosity, $L_{*}$, $\propto (1+z)^{k}$
($k\sim3$ for $z<\sim2$ and $k\sim0-1$ for $z>\sim2$;
e.g.
Boyle et al.
1991, in ``The Space
Distribution of Quasars, ed D. Crampton; Hewett
et al.
1993, ApJ, 406 L43). In an effort to relate the statistical to
physical evolution for quasars and, thus, constrain models for the
quasar energy source, we have collected IR and optical data for $z\ge3$
and $z\sim1$ quasars selected to represent equally well all those at
a given epoch (i.e.
$L/L_{*}$ within a fixed range).
From these data, we have constructed optical/UV continua, and we compare
these to the mean continuum for a set of 47 $z\sim0.1$ quasars
(Elvis et al.
1994, ApJS, submitted).
For the bright, $z=3.02$ quasar, HS1946+7658 (Hagen et al.
1992, AA
253, L5), we have obtained 5GHz and 1415MHz data from the VLA,
an upper limit at N (10.6$\mu$m), near-IR photometry and spectroscopy,
optical spectrophotometry and high resolution (FWHM $\sim80$ km s$^{-1}$)
spectra, and a ROSAT PSPC spectrum. The spectral energy
distribution (SED) of HS1946+7658 appears generally similar to the mean
$z\sim0.1$ continuum, however it differs within specific spectral regions.
In the UV, after
correcting for reddening and flux suppression due to the Ly$\alpha$ `forest',
we find that the continuum turns down more rapidly than the mean
$z\sim0.1$ SED. Absorption by numerous low column density line-of-sight clouds
might produce this residual turnover (Press and Rybicki 1993, ApJ, 418, 585).
At $\lambda_{rest}
\sim 3000$\AA, the SED of HS1946+7658
shows little evidence
for the blended FeII and Balmer continuum emission which is common to
the spectra of low $z$ quasars, and thus suggests a lack of FeII.
Finally, our upper limit at N ($\lambda_{rest}
\approx 2.5\mu$m),
indicates that HS1946+7658 is not redder than the average low $z$ quasar
as would be expected if it were recently formed in a dusty galaxy merger
(Sanders et al.
1988, ApJ, 325, 74).
er-wave and X-ray emission.
We present visible and near infrared observations of the blazar OJ287 taken
during a flare of nearly two magnitudes amplitude in V, which peaked on
December 6th 1993 at V=14.5 (Kidger et al., 1993, IAUC 5909). Simultaneous
visible (BVRI) and near infrared (JHK) photometry were taken on two nights
during the decline phase of this outburst. The observations reveal considerable
variations in the level of activity during the flare: at maximum very rapid
variations were seen (several tens of percent in less than half a hour);
whilst a very low amplitude of variation was generally observed pre- and
post-maximum.
Our data show significant variations in the colours and hence spectral slope
in the infrared on timescales of hours, but very little variability in the
visible, suggesting a
high frequency cut-off in the variations of the continuum spectral slope at close
to 1 micron. The size and time scale of the variations are inconsistent with
a shocked-jet model and require highly variable synchrotron emission from
small regions of the accretion disc.
ear-IR photometry and spectroscopy,
optical spectrophotometry and high resolution (FWHM $\sim80$ km s$^{-1}$)
spectra, and a ROSAT PSPC spectrum. The spectral energy
distribution (SED) of HS1946+7658 appears generally similar to the mean
\def\etal {et~al.
}
\def\lax {${_<\atop^{\sim}}$}
\def\gax {${_>\atop^{\sim}}$}
We will present new results on absorbing outflows in quasars 3C351
(Mathur \etal~ 1994) and 3C212 (Mathur 1994). We have shown that the
X-ray and UV absorption observed in these quasars' spectra is due to
the same material. This new discovery enables us to constrain the
physical characteristics of the absorbing material through the
combined X-ray and UV analysis. In 3C351 the absorber is found to be
outflowing (v $\sim 2000 km~s^{-1}$), highly ionized (U = 6--12), has
large column density ($N_H =$ 1 -- 2 $\times 10^{22} cm^{-2}$), is
situated outside the broad emission line region (R $> 1/3 ~pc.$), and
has low density (n \lax $10^7 cm^{-3}$). The corresponding mass loss
rate is $0.05<$ \.{M} $< 5 ~M_{\odot} ~yr^{-1}$ for covering factors
between 1\% and unity. The radiation pressure experienced by the
ionized absorber is easily sufficient to accelerate it to outflow
velocities of a few thousand km s$^{-1}$. These properties describe
a component of nuclear material not previously recognized.
In 3C212 the absorber is again required to be partially ionized and
the low energy X-ray absorption is caused by residual metal opacity.
Normally X-ray absorbers are assumed to be neutral unless a recovery
of the X-ray spectrum is seen at low energies. The identification of
the X-ray absorber with the UV absorber in 3C212 demonstrates a new
method to identify ionized X-ray absorbers even when the X-ray data
itself is inadequate.
We now suspect that many more cases of ionized absorbers will be
identified in this way and that the large number of derivable physical
parameters will allow us to understand the origin of this material and
its role in active galactic nuclei.
ons in the colours and hence spectral slope
in the infrared on timescales of hours, but very little variability in the
visible, suggesting a
high frequency cut-off in the variations of the continuum spectral slope at close
The BL Lac object OJ287 has been studied with the 4.2m William Herschel
Telescope (WHT) from the Spanish Observatory of La Palma on six nights
in December 1993 and January 1994, as part of the OJ-94 International
Campaign of monitoring of OJ287. At the time of the first observations,
in mid-December the object was in the decline phase of a moderate
outburst, reaching minimum in early January. In order to get both
spectral and polarimetric observations, we used the ISIS double
spectropolarimeter, giving us a spectral resolution of 3Å over the
range from 5500-9000Å. This permits both the rapid continuum
polarisation variations to be examined from individual exposures
(resolution 40 minutes, provided by four individual integrations with
different positions of the calcite retarder) and , by summing all the
exposures of a full night (a total integration time of up to 8 hours),
the weak emission lines may be studied at a resolution far higher than
has ever previously been possible. A period or pseudoperiod of 11.65 yr
has been claimed for the outbursts of this object (Sillapaa et al 1988,
Kidger et al 1992), which has been interpreted as due to a binary black
hole (Sillapaa et al 1988). This model predicts an outburst at some
time in 1994. If the Winter 1993-94 eruption corresponds to the
expected 1994 outburst, the rise in brightness would be associated to
accretion processes and, therefore, we hope to find a polarized
spectrum different of those originated by synchrotron sources. The WHT
observations are, we believe, the first of their kind of a blazar and
these data will help to elucidate this question, apart from supplying
valuable information on the emission processes in active galactic
nuclei.
References:
Sillanpaa A., Haarala S., Valtonen M., Sundelius B., Byrd G.G, 1988, ApJ, 325, 628
Kidger M., Takalo L., Sillanpaa A., 1992, A&A, 264, 32
mu$m),
indicates that HS1946+7658 is not redder than the average low $z$ quasar
as would be expected if it were recently formed in a dusty galaxy merger
(Sanders et al.
1988, ApJ, 325, 74).
er-wave and X-ray emission.
The Adler Planetarium recently conducted a special outreach program to
enrich 5th and 6th grade students before they attended a new sky show
titled "African Skies." Nine classrooms in three schools serving an inner
city neighborhood were visited each week for three weeks by our team of
astronomy educators -- including an experience in the inflatable Starlab
planetarium at each school -- and culminating with a visit to the
Planetarium by all of the students together.
December the object was in the decline phase of a moderate
outburst, reaching minimum in early January. In order to get both
spectral and polarimetric observations, we used the ISIS double
spectropolarimeter, giving us a spectral resolution of 3Å over the
range from 5500-9000Å. This permits both the rapid continuum
polarisation variations to be examined from individual exposures
(resolution 40 minutes, provided by four individual integrations with
The Lake Afton Public Observatory was founded 14 years ago as a joint
project of the city, county, local schools, and Wichita State
University to provide educational programs for the public and school
children. A staff of 4 professional astronomers presents daytime and
evening programs at the Observatory and makes presentations in schools
to over 20,000 people per year. Programs are scheduled 6 days a week
during the academic year and 3 days a week in the summer.
Our public programs deviate significantly from the traditional
observatory open house by following a specific theme. Selection
and discussion of each object is centered on that theme. For example,
a program on The Life Story of a Star
would view a diffuse nebula
(to discuss star formation), a young star cluster (to discuss one
outcome of star formation), a double star (to discuss how the
properties of stars are determined), and a planetary nebula (to
discuss the death of a star).
To complement the observing experiences of our visitors, we have
developed a wide range of interactive exhibits to develop the
concepts touched on in the viewing programs. We have also developed
exhibit lending kits for extended use in school classrooms,
educational games, activity manuals for teachers, and short videos
to introduce single concepts in the classroom. In the past year we
have begun to offer a series of workshops for in-service teachers to
expand their knowledge of astronomy and to provide them with additional
resources for teaching astronomy.
This work is supported in part by NSF EPSCoR grant OSR-9255223.
ts of this object (Sillapaa et al 1988,
Kidger et al 1992), which has been interpreted as due to a binary black
hole (Sillapaa et al 1988). This model predicts an outburst at some
ASTRO 650 is a self-contained teacher training class on the mission
operation of a satellite-based astronomy project which has been
offered through a collaboration between UCB's Center for Extreme
Ultraviolet Astrophysics (CEA) and San Francisco State University's
(SFSU) Physics and Education Departments. The class, funded by a NASA
Astrophysics AGSE grant, utilizes the Extreme Ultraviolet
Explorer (EUVE) NASA satellite mission as a test case for educational
outreach. The underlying theme of the class focuses on how scientists
carry out research. Emphasis is given to problem-solving techniques
with specific examples taken from the pre and postlaunch stages of
the EUVE mission. The class, first offered during the Spring semester
of 1994, involves weekly two-hour lectures at SFSU and weekly three-hour lab
sessions at CEA. The teachers are taught the computer skills and space
astrophysics concepts needed to perform hands-on analysis and
interpretation of the EUVE satellite data. The last third of the class
is dedicated to a final project for groups of the teachers to develop
units/activities/materials based on EUVE that they can take back to the
classroom. The final projects include implementation and assessment
plans. This model treats teachers as professionals, allowing them to
collaborate with scientists and to learn about curriculum
development---an important aspect of their professional growth.
We will give a
summary of class content and present a few of the lesson plans
developed by the teachers. This work has been supported by NASA contract
NAS5-29298. Class support has been provided by a NASA supplemental grant
for education.
ta will help to elucidate this question, apart from supplying
valuable information on the emission processes in active galactic
nuclei.
References:
The main goal of the new satellite operations class
offered by UC Berkeley in collaboration with San Francisco State
University is to provide teachers with detailed information about the
goals, phases, and results of NASA's Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer
(EUVE) satellite mission. One of the outcomes of this class is to
create new lesson plans, curricula for elective courses, and
non-traditional teaching techniques and methods, all of which may be
incorporated in schools in order to develop students' cognitive
interest in science. The information about this unique NASA satellite
mission may be presented to high school students in many different
ways: class discussions, extra-curricular research assignments,
expositions for school museums of science, computer animations, science
conferences, educational games, etc. Another approach is to infuse the
material related to this project directly into the existing science
curricula. The unit ``Electromagnetic Radiation'' presents us with a
variety of opportunities to include scientific information related to
the EUVE mission in the most natural way. The following issues related
to modern astrophysics may be introduced and discussed in this unit:
the position that EUV radiation occupies on the electromagnetic
spectrum, the sources that emit this type of radiation, the properties
and characteristics of this radiation in comparison with other types of
electromagnetic waves, and the methods used to detect and analyze EUV
and other types of radiation during NASA missions. We will present an
overview and a specific detailed example related to this curriculum
unit.
This work has been supported by NASA contract NAS5-29298.
Class support has been provided by a NASA supplemental grant for education.
Travel made possible by Research Corporation.
the emission processes in active galactic
nuclei.
References:
The crucial piece of information still lacking for the understanding of Geminga is the object's distance. Comparing the measured gamma-ray flux with the known neutron star rotational energy loss, one obtains values anywhere between few pc to 300 pc, an upper limit not too far from the one derived from the IS X-ray absorption. \\Exploiting the post-refurbishment capabilities of the HST instruments, we plan to measure (or to put limit on) Geminga's parallactic displacement. This will be done in Cycle 4 with three sets of WFPC2 observations already scheduled near the spring and fall equinoxes, when the expected parallactic displacement is maximum.
The program started on March 18, and the results of the first observations will be reported. \\Meanwhile, ground based optical observations, taken fron the New Technology Telescope of the European Southern Observatory, also in 1994, have confirmed the high proper motion of the optical counterpart.
natural way. The following issues related
to modern astrophysics may be introduced and discussed in this unit:
the position that EUV radiation occupies on the electromagnetic
spectrum, the sources that emit this type of radiation, the properties
and characteristics of this radiation in comparison with other types of
The identification of the $\gamma$-ray source Geminga as a
rotation-powered pulsar breaths new life into several
of the oldest and most difficult problems
in high-energy astrophysics. Among these are 1) the interpretation
of the unidentified $\gamma$-ray sources in the Galactic
plane, 2) the location and physics of $\gamma$-ray emission in
rotation-powered pulsars, and 3) the study of magnetized neutron
star atmospheres and cooling interiors via their thermal soft
X-ray emission. Geminga is the first pulsar which is undetected in
the radio. Apart from this unsurprising fact, Geminga is neither
unique nor unusual. Rather, it is the prototype of a new class of pulsars
whose X-ray and $\gamma$-ray properties are similar, and which have
already afforded great progress in understanding the aforementioned issues.
The discovery that Geminga and other middle-aged pulsars are
capable of channeling a large fraction
of their spin-down power into $\gamma$-rays
bolsters the hypothesis that most of the unidentified $\gamma$-ray
sources in the Galactic plane are pulsars, many of which could be
radio-quiet. The high $\gamma$-ray efficiencies of Geminga and
PSR 1055--52, together with their large soft X-ray modulation, supports
the model in which $\gamma$-rays are generated in the outer magnetosphere
of a dipole which is nearly orthogonal to the spin
axis. The thermal X-ray emission is of special importance because it
is the only source of information about the surface
magnetic field
geometry. All the soft X-ray pulsars for which high quality data exist
have single-peaked profiles, which argues against a simple centered
dipole. These same pulsars have an additional, tiny region of hotter
thermal emission which can be interpreted as the open field line polar
cap which is heated by particles flowing inward from the magnetosphere
accelerator. Beyond the simplest blackbody interpretation of these data,
magnetic effects on the opacity can modify the
emergent spectra, and circumstellar resonant scattering can shape the
pulse profiles. Recent observations and theories of these phenomena will
be reviewed.
658 is not redder than the average low $z$ quasar
as would be expected if it were recently formed in a dusty galaxy merger
(Sanders et al.
1988, ApJ, 325, 74).
er-wave and X-ray emission.
We discuss the local X-ray volume emissivity at hard bands
(2 - 10 keV) from the
cross-correlation between surface brightness fluctuation of
the cosmic X-ray background and nearby galaxies. We have found
correlation signals between HEAO 1 A2 surface brightness $I$ and
number counts $N$ of IRAS/ESO/UGC galaxies of
$W_{xg}
\equiv \frac{\langle \delta I \, \delta N \rangle}
{\langle I \rangle \langle N \rangle}
\sim (3-10) \times 10^{-3}$.
We have constructed a detailed model explaining the correlation
signal in terms of the local volume emissivity. The correlation
is contributed by the Poisson noise process where the correlating
sample galaxies themselves emit X-rays. In this case, the correlation
between the X-ray luminosity of galaxies and the infrared luminosity
(or optical diameter) should be taken into account to evaluate its
contribution to $W_{xg}$. Also, for a low spatial resolution
experiment such as the HEAO 1 A2, the clusterings of the
X-ray sources with the sample galaxies contribute to $W_{xg}$.
We present the formulation to take these effects into account
for the analysis.
Monte-Carlo simulations have been made to simulate the correlation.
These are useful in direct comparison with the observations and
estimating the uncertainty due to the finite
number of sources contributing to the correlation.
The results are consistent with the models where the 2 - 10 keV
volume emissivity is
($\rho_x \sim 4 \times 10^{38} h_{50} erg\,s^{-1}
\, Mpc^{-3}$),
dominated by the AGN component
(with $L_x > 10^{42} h_{50}^{-2} erg\,s^{-1}$ ). This provides
a constraint at the present epoch to models of the cosmic X-ray
background with evolving populations of sources.
This presentation represents a part of TM's dissertation toward the
fulfillment of the PhD requirements of the University of Maryland.
\equiv \frac{\langle \delta I \, \delta N \rangle}
{\langle I \rangle \langle N \rangle}
The UC Santa Barbara CMB anisotropy group has made three excursions
to the South Pole to obtain data on degree scale anisotropies. The
most recent trip occurred from November, 1993 to January, 1994. Data
were taken with the UCSB Advanced Cosmic Microwave Explorer (ACME),
using two different receivers, operating from 26-36 GHz and from 38-
45 GHz. The receivers incorporate High Electron Mobility Transistor
(HEMT) amplifiers operated at liquid Helium temperatures, and
acheived noise temperatures of 15 K. Status of the systems and
sample data will be presented.
laxies themselves emit X-rays. In this case, the correlation
between the X-ray luminosity of galaxies and the infrared luminosity
(or optical diameter) should be taken into account to evaluate its
contribution to $W_{xg}$. Also, for a low spatial resolution
The large angular scale anisotropy of the cosmic microwave
background can often be parameterized by a spectral index, $n$,
and a quadrupolar amplitude, $Q$. Applying a new statistical
measure to data from the Far Infra-Red Survey (FIRS), we form a
contour plot of the likelihood for cosmological models with $-1 <
n < 3$ and $0 \le Q \le 50~\mu{\rm K}$. We find that the
likelihood is maximum at $(n, Q) = (1.0,19\mu\mbox{K})$. For $n =
1$ the likelihood falls to half its maximum at $Q \approx
14\mu\mbox{K}$ and $25\mu\mbox{K}$ and for $Q = 19\mu$K the
likelihood falls to half its maximum at $n \approx 0.5$ and
$1.4$.
mselves emit X-rays. In this case, the correlation
between the X-ray luminosity of galaxies and the infrared luminosity
(or optical diameter) should be taken into account to evaluate its
contribution to $W_{xg}$. Also, for a low spatial resolution
We present an overview of the instrumentation and scan strategy used
to observe the cosmic microwave background radiation from Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan. This degree scale anisotropy experiment has maximum
sensitivity at a coherence angle, $\theta_c=1.2^\circ$. Multifrequency
and polarization coverage from 26 to 46 GHz is obtained with two
independent radiometers which are used on an off-axis telescope. A
discussion of systematic error discrimination and investigations will be
presented.
half its maximum at $n \approx 0.5$ and
$1.4$.
mselves emit X-rays. In this case, the correlation
between the X-ray luminosity of galaxies and the infrared luminosity
(or optical diameter) should be taken into account to evaluate its
contribution to $W_{xg}$. Also, for a low spatial resolution
We present results from an experiment designed to measure the
anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background at degree angular
scales. This experiment has now run for two seasons. Data from the
first season (SK93) shows fluctuations of amplitude
$33_{-9}^{+10}
\mu\,$K, at a 1.2\deg~correlation angle, with a spectral
index in temperature of $-0.3_{-1.2}^{+0.7}$. Preliminary results
from the second season (SK94) with extended frequency coverage will
also be presented. These data allow a more precise measurement of the
observed anisotropy, and improved limits on the spectral index.
ation from Saskatoon,
Saskatchewan. This degree scale anisotropy experiment has maximum
sensitivity at a coherence angle, $\theta_c=1.2^\circ$. Multifrequency
and polarization coverage from 26 to 46 GHz is obtained with two
The Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) collaboration
has successfully deployed four strings of optical modules at the
south pole. Our preliminary results shows that AMANDA detects muons in
coincidence with the South Pole Air Shower Experiment. We will
present our measurements of the optical properties of the ice at a
depth of 800 -- 1000 meters, the operating characteristics of the
four string array, and a review of future plans.
should be taken into account to evaluate its
contribution to $W_{xg}$. Also, for a low spatial resolution
The Young Scholars Program
, at the University of Northern Iowa, is a
summer program in which students gain hands-on experience in the physical
sciences and mathematics. Within this program, students gain experiences that
they do not always have in the regular classroom through student-led
discussions, lab investigations, and individual projects. The Young
Scholars Program
was used to investigate the question of
student attitudes towards science and the learning environment. There
was no change in attitude of science found. It was found that there are
definite differences in attitude of learning environment between the normal
classroom and the Young Scholars
classroom.
The most common
attitude statements will be presented and arguments given
for the importance of these types of
experiences for students.
luate its
contribution to $W_{xg}$. Also, for a low spatial resolution
Cooperative learning strategies can be an effective means to teach
astronomy. In both community college and large university settings
students work in small groups on structured tasks such as laboratory
exercises, problem solving, or discussing astromomy topics. In
addition to addressing general methods for implementing cooperative
learning, potential difficulties will also be discussed. Sample
cooperative exercises will be available.
o investigate the question of
Experiments in high-dispersion spectroscopy are accessible to undergraduate
students in astronomy, provided appropriate instrumentation is available. As
part of a project to develop exercises, techniques, and instrumentation for
astronomical spectroscopy, we have performed several experiments using
a CCD camera as the detector, and with a combination of spectrograph
configurations (both commercial and assembled from individual
optical/mechanical
components) and methods of light insertion (including relay mirrors and optical
fibers). We show that the lack of a large telescope and of a commercial
long-focal length spectrograph, both of which are expensive, is not
an absolute impediment to the performance of these experiments. This work
is therefore likely to be of interest to those who have CCD cameras but lack
the other two instruments.
The equipment also serves well for experiments in spectroscopy of
laboratory sources, such as the Zeeman effect in mercury.
This work was supported in part by NSF grant DUE-9252109, and in part by
The Pew Charitable Trusts through a grant to the New England Consortium
for Undergraduate Science Education.
roject to develop exercises, techniques, and instrumentation for
astronomical spectroscopy, we have performed several experiments using
a CCD camera as the detector, and with a combination of spectrograph
Preliminary results of the Very Small Array Sky Survey
(VSASSY) will be presented. Observations are being made with the student
built two dish interferometer in the meridian drift scan mode of the
21cm radio sky
from $-30\deg$ to $+75\deg$ declination. Position and relative intensity
measurements of several calibration sources will be included.
This project demonstrates the feasibility of radio astronomy being introduced
at an undergraduate level. This is useful to both broaden the perspective
of Astronomy students and to introduce them to important data analysis
techniques often not covered in the standard curriculum.
t between the normal
classroom and the Young Scholars
classroom.
The most common
attitude statements will be presented and arguments given
for the importance of these types of
experiences for students.
luate its
contribution to $W_{xg}$. Also, for a low spatial resolution
I describe recent timing and polarimetric observations of a number of
binary pulsar systems with implications for theories of binary
evolution and relativistic gravity.
In the PSR~B1957+20 system, we have detected non-secular orbital period
changes similar to those seen in other close binaries but previously
unknown in a pulsar system; such orbital variability may imply that the
pulsar's low-mass companion is magnetically active or may be the result
of a varying mass-loss rate or emission geometry from the companion's
surface as it is heated by radiation from the pulsar. In the systems
containing PSRs B1802$-$07 and B2303+46, new and refined measurements,
respectively, of the rate of periastron advance have yielded within the
framework of General Relativity the total mass of each system and
constrained the individual masses of their components. High
time-resolution polarimetry of PSR B1534+12 has provided the geometry
of the pulsar radio beam, constraining the spin-orbital misalignment of
the visible neutron star; we also describe a study of pulse shape
variability for this pulsar as a means of detecting orbital aberration
and relativistic precession of the pulsar spin axis. We have refined
the spin, astrometric, and orbital parameters of PSRs B0655+64,
B0820+02, and B1820$-$11, and improved the limits on dipolar
gravitational radiation, violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle,
and time-variability of the universal constant of gravitation $G$
attainable with these timing experiments.
Recent observations indicate that the eclipsing pulsar binary PSR B1957+20
undergoes alternating epochs of orbital period increase and decrease. We
apply a model developed to explain orbital period changes of alternating
sign in other close binaries to the PSR B1957+20 system and find that it
fits the pulsar observations well. The novel feature of the PSR B1957+20
system is that the energy flow in the companion needed to power the orbital
period change mechanism can be supplied by tidal dissipation, making the
companion the first identified tidally powered star. The flow of energy in the
companion drives magnetic activity, which underlies the orbital period
variations. The magnetic activity and the wind driven by the pulsar irradiation
results in a torque on the spin of the companion which holds the companion out
of synchronous rotation, causing tidal dissipation of energy. We propose that
the progenitor system had a $\simeq 2$ hr orbital period and a companion mass of
$0.1 - 0.2\>M_\odot$, and the system is evolving to longer orbital periods
by mass and angular momentum loss on a time scale of $10^8$ years.
1820$-$11, and improved the limits on dipolar
gravitational radiation, violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle,
and time-variability of the universal constant of gravitation $G$
attainable with these timing experiments.
We report phased array VLA and Arecibo observations of the Crab pulsar
at multiple frequencies and high time resolution. Average
profiles were recorded at 0.33, 1.4, 4.8, and 8.4 GHz, as well as high
time resolution data from the ``giant'' pulses. Coherent
dedispersion of the giant pulse data reveals significant intensity
structure on a 30 -- 50 ns time scale.
Some giant pulses rise very fast, then decay exponentially. Exponential
time constants and autocorrelation widths of these pulses have been
computed for each of the observed frequencies. At low frequencies,
the pulses exhibit known interstellar scattering pulse broadening. But
at high frequencies, the pulse shapes suggest another form of
scattering is occurring, perhaps associated with the nebula or the
magnetosphere of the pulsar itself.
The morphology of the average profiles also changes with frequency.
At low frequency, 0.33 GHz, a known steep-spectrum precursor of the
main pulse exists which does not appear at 1.4 GHz. At 4.8 and 8.4
GHz, two more components appear after the interpulse. The separation
between the main and interpulse decreases above 1.4 GHz. In addition,
the relative amplitudes of the main and interpulse change with
frequency, implying either an effect of the emission geometry or a
difference in spectral index.
l radiation, violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle,
and time-variability of the universal constant of gravitation $G$
attainable with these timing experiments.
PSR 1509-58 (P=150 msec) is unique in many respects: it is the pulsar with the
highest period derivative, hence probably the one with the highest B known so
far (about $10 ^{13} G$). This, in spite of its relatively long period, makes itthe second youngest pulsar after the Crab nebula.
\\A possible optical counterpart has been discovered by Caraveo, Mereghetti and Bignami (Ap.J. Lett in press) using the New Technology Telescope of the EuropeanSouthern Observatory in June 93. It is an object of 22nd mag in V, which is seento coincide precisely (better than 0.5 arcsec) with the sub-arcsec radio
position of the pulsar.
\\More data on the optical counterpart of PSR1509-58 will be collected at the
beginning of May using the 3.6 m telescope of the European Southern Observatory.Aim of the observing run is to perform fast photometry of the proposed optical
counterpart in order to say a definite word on the pulsar's identification.
the main and interpulse change with
frequency, implying either an effect of the emission geometry or a
difference in spectral index.
l radiation, violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle,
and time-variability of the universal constant of gravitation $G$
attainable with these timing experiments.
Pulsars emit radiation in many wavebands, including the optical, UV,
and X-ray domains. This radiation can arise from both thermal and
nonthermal processes, and the relative strengths of their respective
contributions depends upon the physical properties of the neutron star
magnetosphere and surface atmosphere; e.g., age, magnetic field strength,
composition, and (uncertain) interior physics. Soft X-ray detections of
a number of pulsars yield temperatures of the order $10^5 - 10^6 $K,
indicating that pulsars should be UV bright irrespective of the origin of
the radiation. We presently have an HST program using the FOC/f96 to detect
several pulsars at UV and optical wavelengths. The first pulsar, PSR0656+14,
was observed in mid-Feb 1994 and the results will be reported. This is a
relatively young pulsar ($\sim 10^5$ yrs) with properties rather similar to
Geminga (P=0.385 s, $B \sim 5\times 10^{12} G$) and has an accurate radio
position. The soft X-ray spectrum is thermal-like. The HST/FOC observations
have sufficient spatial resolution to preclude source-confusion and background
contamination, enabling definitive identification and analysis to be performed.
sion geometry or a
difference in spectral index.
l radiation, violation of the Strong Equivalence Principle,
and time-variability of the universal constant of gravitation $G$
attainable with these timing experiments.
We have derived new pulse profiles and energy spectra for gamma
ray pulsars, using a polar cap (PC) cascade model in which the inclination
$\alpha$ of the magnetic axis is comparable to the cap half-angle
$\theta_{pc}$. The model assumes acceleration of electrons above
the pulsar surface to energies $\sim10$ TeV. The electrons emit curvature
radiation (CR) which is converted by the pulsar B-field to photon-pair
cascades in the deep magnetosphere. Since CR-induced PC cascades produce
hollow-cone emission regardless of the primary electron beam geometry,
observers whose viewing angles $\zeta$ intersect the rim of a single PC
see double pulses, which for $\alpha \sim \theta_{pc}$ may vary from 0 to
$\sim 180$ degrees. We have examined the $(\alpha,\zeta,\theta_{pc})$
parameter space which can produce doubly peaked model profiles consistent
with those observed from the Crab, Vela, and Geminga. We have also considered
the effect of the primary beam geometry on peak duty cycles. Our best fits are
obtained from models in which acceleration occurs only around the PC rim.
The model profiles also show emission between the peaks, corresponding
to the phase interval for which the observer viewpoint is outside the PC
rim, which may account for the interpulse emission in Vela and Geminga.
The same model parameters have produced phase-resolved spectra which are
generally consistent with observations, especially for Vela. Our model
also allows the possibility of two closely separated peaks, as well as a
single broad peak (seen by observers whose viewpoints do not penetrate
the PC rim). Since the model beaming factors and detection probabilities
are sensitive to PC size, we have considered the dependence of cascade
properties on $\theta_{pc}$. One major effect is that the B-field
curvature increases with $\theta_{pc}$, leading to enhanced CR and
hence more extensive cascades. The high-energy spectral cutoffs are also
lowered by more efficient pair conversion. For these enlarged-PC models,
our best spectral fits require either a reduced B-field or an extended
acceleration zone above the NS surface.
iewed.
658 is not redder than the average low $z$ quasar
as would be expected if it were recently formed in a dusty galaxy merger
(Sanders et al.
1988, ApJ, 325, 74).
er-wave and X-ray emission.
Velocity maps of disk galaxies never look like purely planar, circular
flows; other velocity components are invariably present and add asymmetries
to the flow maps. The traditional interpretation of a large class of these
distortions has
been in terms of warped disks, and there is good motivation for this: many
edge-on galaxies {\sl are} visibly warped, either in the optical or, especially,
in radio observations of neutral hydrogen. In many more galaxies, however,
the presumed warp is seen only in velocity maps. Recent numerical experiments
by R.~H.~Miller and B.~F.~Smith have found that galaxies can
oscillate in radial normal modes with relatively large amplitude (10--20 km/s
for a Milky-Way-sized galaxy),
and it has long been known that such radial motions produce velocity signatures
similar to those in warped disks. Given this, it is reasonable to investigate
the extent to which kinematic observations of disk galaxies can be interpreted
in terms of planar disks with a radial flow component, rather than warped disks
with purely circular flows. We have done this for several galaxies and find
that in at least some cases the radial-flow models fit the observations as
well as or better than the tilted-rings models do. This implies more generally
that, while warps may still be necessary to explain observed kinematic features
in many galaxies, less extreme warps (in combination with radial motions) may
now suffice. That in turn eases the burden on models attempting to explain the
longevity of warps.
ce the model beaming factors and detection probabilities
are sensitive to PC size, we have considered the dependence of cascade
properties on $\theta_{pc}$. One major effect is that the B-field
curvature increases with $\theta_{pc}$, leading to enhanced CR and
hence more extensive cascades. The high-energy spectral cutoffs are also
lowered by more efficient pair conversion. For these enlarged-PC models,
A mass of gas of constant specific angular momentum, which
is in hydrostatic equilibrium
in an attractive external gravitational potential,
assumes the form of a torus reminiscent of
structures observed in ring galaxies.
distortions has
been in terms of warped disks, and there is good motivation for this: many
edge-on galaxies {\sl are} visibly warped, either in the optical or, especially,
in radio observations of neutral hydrogen. In many more galaxies, however,
We examine the distribution of elliptical galaxy intrinsic
axis ratios, using the Ryden-Djorgovski sample of
apparent axis ratios for 171 galaxies.
Unlike previous studies, our technique is fully nonparametric,
and places no a priori
restrictions on the form of the
ellipticity distribution. We find that the frequency function of
intrinsic shapes implied by either the oblate or prolate
hypotheses is negative at intrinsic axis ratios close to spherical.
In other words, we can rule out the hypothesis of axisymmetry
for this sample of galaxies. Allowing the intrinsic shapes
to be triaxial yields a fully non-negative frequency function.
We conclude that a strong case for triaxiality can be made
purely on the basis of the distribution of apparent shapes.
rped disks. Given this, it is reasonable to investigate
the extent to which kinematic observations of disk galaxies can be interpreted
We present high-resolution, broad- and narrow-band images of
the central region of M51 taken with the Planetary Camera of the {\it
Hubble Space Telescope}. The $V$-band images show radial dust lanes,
roughly aligned with the major axis of the bar, presumably
transporting gas to the AGN in the nucleus. The dust lane
obscuring the nucleus of the galaxy is more complex than has been
previouly reported, being both off-center and having curved appendages
extending in different directions. H$\alpha$/[NII] images show
several discrete blobs of ionized gas strung along arcs extending both
northwards and southwards from the nucleus, describing a leading
``S''-configuration. The forbidden-line images of the extra-nuclear
cloud are consistent with a picture in which a very narrow nuclear jet
strikes and splatters off of the boundary of a relatively dense cloud
of gas in the disk of the galaxy. We briefly discuss the degree to
which the jet appears to influence the structure of the interstellar
medium surrounding the nucleus.
rally
that, while warps may still be necessary to explain observed kinematic features
in many galaxies, less extreme warps (in combination with radial motions) may
now suffice. That in turn eases the burden on models attempting to explain the
New WFPC-2 data for M31 and M33 have been obtained as part of the {\it
Hubble Space Telescope} Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance
Scale. We present deep I-(V-I) color-magnitude diagrams and
luminosity functions of a field in the inner region of M33 and a field
in Baade's Field IV in M31. In the case of M33, these frames provide
both a photometric tie-in to ground-based observations and provide an
assessment of the amount of crowding in the vicinity of the Cepheids.
pha$/[NII] images show
several discrete blobs of ionized gas strung along arcs extending both
northwards and southwards from the nucleus, describing a leading
``S''-configuration. The forbidden-line images of the extra-nuclear
cloud are consistent with a picture in which a very narrow nuclear jet
We present color-magnitude diagrams reaching five magnitudes down into
the luminosity function for $\sim$ 10,000 of the brightest stars in
the Virgo galaxy M100. These data were derived from BVR WFPC-2 images
obtained as part of the Early Release Observations made by the Hubble
Space Telescope shortly after the repair mission in Dec. 1993. The V
luminosity function for the blue plume is found to have a slope of
0.67 consistent with Local Group studies. Many of the very brightest
objects (first appearing at V = 20.5 mag) are clearly identified as
complex multiple systems, association cores, and/or young clusters
mostly residing in and along the high-density spiral arms. Cepheid
candidates have been identified based on their apparent magnitude and
color. Deeper VI exposures of less crowded adjacent fields in M100,
taken as part of the HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance
Scale, will also be presented and discussed.
[15.06] Gamma-Ray Bursts and Large-Scale Anisotropy
[15.06] Gamma-Ray Bursts and Large-Scale Anisotropy
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.)
[15.07] Compatibility of the BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Data with General Friedmann Cosmological Models
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC)
[15.07] Compatibility of the BATSE Gamma-Ray Burst Data with General Friedmann Cosmological Models
[16.01] Filamentary Structure in Orion and Monoceros Molecular Clouds
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky)
[16.02] KWIC Observations of the Orion Nebula
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University)
[16.03] Polarization Imaging of Star Formation Regions with the OVRO MM Array
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech)
[16.04] Submillimeter Observations of $\rm \bf H_2{}^{18}O$ in Molecular Clouds
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech)
[16.05] Modeling the Infrared Spectra of Dark Globules: Effect of Transiently Heated Small Grains
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech)
[16.06] WFPC-2 Observations of the Circumstellar Nebulosity of T Tau and HL Tau
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech)
[16.07] 10 micron Spectroscopy of 51 Ophiuchi
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC)
[16.08] Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy of Close Infrared Binary Companions
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg)
[16.09] ISO-NASA Key Project: The Birth and Death of Planetary Systems
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College)
[17.01] Multi-waveband Observations of Flat Radio Spectrum Quasars
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion)
[17.02] Radio Galaxies in Abell Rich Clusters
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU)
[17.03] High Redshift Radio Galaxies
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA)
[17.04] A comparison between the rest-frame optical/UV continua of high ($z\ge3$) and low ($z\sim0.1$) redshift quasars
[17.05] Simultaneous Visible and Near-Infrared Photometry of OJ287 During the December 1993 Flare.
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias)
[17.06] X-ray and Ultraviolet Absorbing Outflows In Quasars
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO)
[17.07] Spectropolarimetric observations of OJ 287 during outburst
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias)
[18.02] An Expanded Planetarium Outreach Program in Chicago
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium)
[18.03] Educational Programs at the Lake Afton Public Observatory
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.)
[18.04] A Satellite Operations Class for Teachers
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB)
[18.05] Electromagnetic Radiation: A Curriculum Unit for High School Students
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB)
[19.01] Geminga as Seen by the HST
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI)
[19.02] Interpretation of the New X-ray/$\gamma$-ray Pulsars
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.)
[20.01] The Foreground of the Cosmic X-ray Background
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA)
[20.02] UCSB South Pole Degree Scale CMB Anisotropy Program: Status and Results
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA)
[20.03] The Spectral Index of Large Scale Anisotropies in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago)
[20.04] The Saskatoon Experiment: A Measurement of the Anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University)
[20.05] Results from Saskatoon: A Measurement of the Anisotropy in the Cosmic Microwave Background
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University)
[20.06] AMANDA Results from the 1993-94 South Pole Deployment
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden)
[2.01] {\it Young Scholars Program}: Are we changing any attitudes?
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa)
[2.02] Cooperative Learning Strategies for Astronomy Classes
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College)
[2.03] High-Dispersion CCD Astronomical Spectroscopy in an Undergraduate Lab
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech)
[2.04] The Very Small Array Sky Survey
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University)
[21.01] Radio Observations of Binary Pulsars
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.)
[21.02] Orbital Period Variability in PSR B1957+20: Evidence for a Tidally Powered Star
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.)
[21.03] Multifrequency Radio Properties of the Crab Pulsar
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT)
[21.04] Optical Observations of PSR1509-58
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay)
[21.05] UV-Optical Observations of PSR0656+14 with post-COSTAR HST
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ)
[21.06] Nearly-Aligned Rotator Model of Gamma Ray Pulsars
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ), J.K. Daugherty (UNCA), A.K. Harding (NASA/GSFC)
[22.01] Modelling `Warped' Galaxies without Warps
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ), J.K. Daugherty (UNCA), A.K. Harding (NASA/GSFC), G. R. Roelofs (University of Chicago)
[22.02] Hydrostatic torii and ring galaxies
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ), J.K. Daugherty (UNCA), A.K. Harding (NASA/GSFC), G. R. Roelofs (University of Chicago), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin)
[22.03] On the Intrinsic Shapes of Elliptical Galaxies
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ), J.K. Daugherty (UNCA), A.K. Harding (NASA/GSFC), G. R. Roelofs (University of Chicago), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin), B. Tremblay \& D. Merritt (Rutgers University)
[22.04] Planetary Camera Imaging of the Nucleus of M51
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ), J.K. Daugherty (UNCA), A.K. Harding (NASA/GSFC), G. R. Roelofs (University of Chicago), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin), B. Tremblay \& D. Merritt (Rutgers University), Carl J. Grillmair, S.M. Faber (Lick Observatory), J. Jeff Hester, Paul A. Scowen (Arizona State University), Tod R. Lauer (NOAO), and the Members of the Wide Field/Planetary Camera Investigation Definition Team
[22.05] WFPC-2 CMDs of Cepheid Calibration Fields in M33 and M31
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ), J.K. Daugherty (UNCA), A.K. Harding (NASA/GSFC), G. R. Roelofs (University of Chicago), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin), B. Tremblay \& D. Merritt (Rutgers University), Carl J. Grillmair, S.M. Faber (Lick Observatory), J. Jeff Hester, Paul A. Scowen (Arizona State University), Tod R. Lauer (NOAO), and the Members of the Wide Field/Planetary Camera Investigation Definition Team, W.L. Freedman (OCIW), in collaboration with members of the HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale, and with members of the WFPC-2 IDT
[22.06] Color-Magnitude Diagrams of the Brightest Stars in the Virgo Galaxy M100: Early Release Observations from HST
P.S. Coppi (University of Chicago), F.A. Aharonian, H. V\"olk (Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Kernphysik), M. Sommer (MPE), K. Hurley, P. Li (UC Berkeley SSL), C. Kouveliotou, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), J. Laros (U. Arizona), T. Cline (NASA/GSFC), S.Sampson, A.Borione, C.E.Covault, J.W.Cronin, B.E.Fick, L.F.Fortson, K.G.Gibbs,B.J.Newport, T.A.McKay, R.A.Ong, L.J Rosenberg (EFI,U of Chicago), M.Catanese, K.D.Green, A.Kennedy, J.Matthews, D.Nitz, D.Sinclair, J.C. van der Velde (U of Michigan), D.B.Kieda (U of Utah), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), L. M. Pearson (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), D. H. Hartmann (Clemson U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), (), B. A. Thompson (Mankato State U.), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), V. C. Vo (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), Alar Toomre (MIT), H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes, M. F. Aller (U. Michigan), C.-Y.Hwang, S.Bowyer (UCB Astron/CEA), S.Kahn (UCB Phys \& Astron), A.Konigl (U Chicago Astron), Paolo Marziani, Jack W. Sulentic, William C. Keel (U. Alabama), Toma\v{z} Zwitter (U. Ljubljana/U. Padova), Massimo Calvani (Padova Obs.), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. Sault (ATNF ), S. M. Simkin (Mich State), E. M. Sadler (Sydney U), R. M. Wagner, H. D. Aller, P. A. Hughes (U. Michigan), J.Glenn, G.D.Schmidt (U.Ariz.), C.B.Foltz (MMTO), F.W. Hamann, T.A. Barlow, E.A. Beaver, E.M. Burbidge, R.D. Cohen, V.T. Junkkarinen and R.W. Lyons (UCSD), A. Siemiginowska, O. Kuhn, F. Fiore, M. Elvis, J. McDowell, B. Wilkes and S. Mathur (SAO), T. Aldcroft (SAO), J. Bechtold (U. Arizona/Steward), M. Elvis (SAO), B.J.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), J.A.Baldwin (CTIO), M.S.Brotherton (Univ.TX Austin), H.Netzer (Tel Aviv Univ.), G.J.Ferland (Univ.KY Lexington), D.Wills (Univ.TX Austin), I.W.A.Browne (Jodrell Bank, Univ. Manchester), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), R.F.Carswell (IOA, Cambridge, U.K.), M.Han (Univ.Wisconsin, Madison), L.K.Herold (MIT and DTM/CIW), B.F.Burke, S.R.Conner, E.J.Gaidos (MIT), T. Kundi\'c (Princeton University Observatory), J.A.Zweerink, A.Kerrick, P.Kwok, R.C.Lamb, D.A.Lewis, G.Mohanty (ISU), J.Buckley, M.Chantell, V.Connaughton, A.C.Rovero, T.C.Weekes (CfA), D.J.Fegan, S.Fennell, J.Quinn (UC Dublin), A.M.Hillas, J.Rose, M.West (U Leeds), M.F.Cawley (St. Patrick's C), C.W.Akerlof, D.Meyer, M.Schubnell (U Mich), J.A.Gaidos, G.Sembroski, J.Wilson (Purdue U), K. D. Gordon \& A. N. Witt (U. of Toledo), C. Blaha, K. Johnson, T. Wyder (Carleton College), A.M.~Watson, T.M.~Tripp, and J.S.~Gallagher (University of Wisconsin -- Madison), C.Winrich, P.N.Appleton (Iowa State University), G.Fabbiano (CfA), F.D.Ghigo (NRAO), P.N.Appleton (Iowa State U.), V. Charmandaris, P. N. Appleton (ISU), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), A.M.N. Ferguson (Johns Hopkins University), R.F.G. Wyse (Johns Hopkins University), J.S. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin--Madison), D.A. Hunter (Lowell Observatory), T.E. Pickering, C.D. Impey (University of Arizona), J. van Gorkom (Columbia University), G.D. Bothun (University of Oregon), R. E. Griffiths, K. U. Ratnatunga, S. Casertano, M. Im, E. W. Wyckoff (Johns Hopkins University), R. A. Windhorst, P. Schmidtke, S. Pascarelle, S. Mutz (Arizona State University), R. S. Ellis, G. Gilmore, K. Glazebrook, R. A. W. Elson (IoA, Cambridge), R. F. Green, V. Sarajedini (NOAO), J. P. Huchra (CfA), G. D. Illingworth, D. C. Koo, A. C. Phillips, D. A. Forbes, M. A. Bershady (Lick Observatory), J. A. Tyson, P. McIlroy (AT\&T Bell Labs), P. Guhathakurta (STScI), Guy S. Miller (Northwestern University), Myeong-Gu Park (Kyungpook National University), D. Kita (U. of Wisconsin--Madison), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin,Copernicus Astronomical Center), M. Coleman Miller (University of Chicago), Frederick K. Lamb (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), T.J.B.Collins, H.M.Van Horn (Univ. of Rochester), U.Lee (Ecole Normal Superiure de Lyon), R.Epstein (Los Alamos Natl. Lab), Dinshaw Balsara (National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Michael L. Norman, Dinshaw Balsara and Chris O'Dea ( National Center for Supercomputing Applications, Univ. of Illinois), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio ( Space Telescope Science Inst. and NCSA), Chris O'Dea, Dinshaw Balsara and Mario Livio, G. A. Kriss (JHU), G. Lee, A.F. Davidsen, G.A. Kriss, W. Zheng, J.W. Kruk, and C.W. Bowers (Johns Hopkins University), Lev Titarchuk \& Xin-Min Hua (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA) (NASA/GSFC USA; ISTS, CANADA), C.A.Wingate, N.M.Hoffman, R.F.Stellingwerf (LANL), R.F.Stellingwerf, N.M.Hoffman, C.A.Wingate (LANL), J.C. Brandt (LASP/U. Colorado), F.M. Caputo (LASP/U. Colorado), J.T. Hoeksema (Stanford U.), M.B. Niedner, Jr. (NASA/Goddard), Y. Yi (LASP/U. Colorado), J.G. Hills, M.P. Goda (LANL), D.M. Kary (UCSB), J.J. Lissauer (SUNYSB), K. Hurley (UC Berkeley SSL), M. Boer, M. Niel (CESR), C. Kouveliotou, C. Meegan, G.J. Fishman (MSFC), B.L. Dingus, P.Sreekumar (USRA/GSFC), D.L. Bertsch, C.E. Fichtel, R.C. Hartman, S.D. Hunter, D.J. Thompson (NASA/GSFC), G. Kanbach, H.A. Mayer-Hasselwander, C. von Montigny, M. Sommer (MPI), Y.C. Lin, P.L. Nolan, P.F. Michelson (Stanford), D.A. Kniffen (Hampden-Sydney), J.R. Mattox (CSC/GSFC), E.J. Schneid (Grumman), J.M. Ryan, A. Connors, R.M. Kippen (UNH), V. Sch\"onfelder (MPE), W. Hermsen (SRON-Leiden), L. Hanlon, K. O'Flaherty (ESTEC), K. Hurley (UCB), B. McNamara, T. Harrison (NMSU), H. Pederson (Copenhagen U.), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), and A. G. Emslie (UAH), David M. Caditz (Montana State University), J. Hakkila (Mankato State U.), C. A. Meegan (NASA/MSFC), J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), G. J. Fishman (NASA/MSFC), G. N. Pendleton (UAH), R. B. Wilson (NASA/MSFC), M. N. Brock (NASA/MSFC), W. S. Paciesas (UAH), M. S. Briggs (UAH), D. P. Whitmire, P. G. Whitman, J. J. Matese (Southwestern Univ.), A. G. Emslie (UAH), and J. M. Horack (NASA/MSFC), A. G. Emslie, W.H.Lahaise, S.P.Bhavsar (U.Kentucky), G.J. Stacey, G.E. Gull, T.L. Hayward, H. Latvakoski, and L. Peng (Dept. of Astronomy, Cornell University), R.L.Akeson, J.E.Carlstrom, J.A.Philliips, D.P.Woody (Caltech), J. Zmuidzinas, G. Blake, J. Carlstrom, J. Keene, D. Miller, G. Ugras (Caltech), S. D. Doty, C. M. Leung (Rensselaer), D. C. Lis (Caltech), Karl R. Stapelfeldt (JPL), C. J. Burrows (STSci), J. Krist (STSci), J. Trauger (JPL), G. Ballester (Michigan), S. Casertano (Johns Hopkins), J. Clarke (Michigan), D. Crisp (JPL), J. Gallagher (Wisconsin), R. Griffiths (Johns Hopkins), J. Hester (Arizona State), J. Hoessel (Wisconsin), J. Holtzman (Lowell), J. Mould (Mt. Stromlo), P. Scowen (Arizona State) (A. Watson) (Wisconsin), J. Westphal (Caltech), D.K. Lynch, R.W. Russell, J.A. Hackwell (The Aerospace Corporation), S. Fajardo-Acosta (SUNY), R. Knacke (Penn State Erie), M. Hanner (JPL), C. Telesco (NASA MSFC), T. M. Herbst (MPIA Heidelberg), C. D. Koresko (Univ. Texas, Austin), Ch. Leinert (MPIA Heidelberg), R.E.Stencel (University of Denver), D.E.Backman (Franklin\&Marshall College), Steven D. Bloom (Boston U. and Technion), M.J. Ledlow (UNM/NRAO/NMSU), K. C. Chambers (IfA) (IfA), O. Kuhn (Harvard University), M. Elvis (SAO), J. Bechtold, M. Rieke, R. Cutri (Steward Obsevatory), B. Wilkes (SAO), Mark R. Kidger, Jose A. de Diego, Jose N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), S. Mathur, B. Wilkes, M. Elvis and F. Fiore (SAO), José A. de Diego, José N. Gonzalez-Perez (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Phil Charles (Department of Astronomy, Oxford University), Mark Kidger (Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias), Eric D. Carlson (The Adler Planetarium), D. R. Alexander (Wichita St. Univ. \& Lake Afton Public Obs.), G. R. Novacek (Lake Afton Public Obs.), I.Hawkins (CEA/UCB), S.Lea (SFSU), R.Battle (UCB Grad. Ed./CEA), J.Moriarta (UCB/CEA), R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), N.Levandovsky (Galileo HS/CEA), I.Hawkins, R.F.Malina (CEA/UCB), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFC-CNR,Milano), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC-CNR,Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC-CNR,Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita' di Milano), Laurence Taff (STScI), J.P. Halpern (Columbia U.), T. Miyaji (NASA/GSFC,U. Maryland), E. Boldt, K. Jahoda (NASA/GSFC), O. Lahav (IoA), J.Gundersen, T.Gaier, T.Koch, M.Lim, P.Lubin, P.Meinhold, J.Staren, A.Wuensche (UCSB and CfPA), K.Ganga, L.Page (Princeton), E.Cheng (NASA/GSFC), S.Meyer (Chicago), E.J. Wollack, N.C. Jarosik, C.B. Netterfield, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson (Princeton University), C.B. Netterfield, N.C. Jarosik, L.A. Page, D. Wilkinson, E.J. Wollack (Princeton University), P.Mock, S.Barwick, R.Porrata, E.Schneider, G.Yodh (University of California, Irvine), A.Goobar, D.Lowder, T.Miller, P.B.Price, A.Richards (University of California, Berkeley), A.Coulthard, K.Engel, L.Gray, F.Halzen, J.Jacobsen, V.Kandhadai, I.Liubarsky, R.Morse, S.Tilav (University of Wisconsin, Madison), A.Bouchta, B.Erlandsson, P.O.Hulth, W.Sun, C.Wlack (Stockholm University, Sweden), S.Carius, L.Hallgren (University of Uppsala, Sweden), D. Hinz Tibben (Univ. of N. Iowa), M. Hollabaugh (Normandale Community College), S.J.Ratcliff, A.A.Ambuske (Middlebury Coll.), S. Kono (Bowdoin Coll.), R. Lu (Caltech), M. Roberts, N. Owen, G. Spear, L. Cominsky (Sonoma State University), Zaven Arzoumanian (Princeton U.), J.H. Applegate (Dept. of Astronomy, Columbia U.), J. Shaham (Dept. of Physics, Columbia U.), D. A. Moffett, T. H. Hankins (NMIMT), Patrizia A. Caraveo (IFC CNR, Milano), Giovanni F. Bignami (IFCC NR, Milano), Sandro Mereghetti (IFC CNR, Milano), Roberto Mignani (Universita di Milano), Christian Gouiffes (SAP, DAPNIA,Saclay), France A. Cordova (NASA HQ), Guy S. Stringfellow, and George G. Pavlov (Penn State Univ), J.K. Daugherty (UNCA), A.K. Harding (NASA/GSFC), G. R. Roelofs (University of Chicago), W. Klu\'zniak (U. of Wisconsin), B. Tremblay \& D. Merritt (Rutgers University), Carl J. Grillmair, S.M. Faber (Lick Observatory), J. Jeff Hester, Paul A. Scowen (Arizona State University), Tod R. Lauer (NOAO), and the Members of the Wide Field/Planetary Camera Investigation Definition Team, W.L. Freedman (OCIW), in collaboration with members of the HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale, and with members of the WFPC-2 IDT, B.F.Madore (CIT/JPL/NED), in collaboration with members of the HST Key Project on the Extragalactic Distance Scale, and with members of the WFPC-2 IDT