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M. Carlsson (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, Oslo, Norway), R.F. Stein (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI)
The natural state of the Solar chromosphere is dynamic. Any photospheric disturbance will grow and naturally form shocks over the twenty scale-heights in density between the photosphere and the corona. Observations in the resonance lines from singly ionized calcium and in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum observed with the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory satellite also show a dynamic chromosphere. The dynamic picture is further supported by numerical simulations. Static and dynamic pictures of the chromosphere are fundamentally different. The simulations also show that time variations are crucial for our understanding of the chromosphere itself and for the spectral features formed there.
The author(s) of this abstract have provided an email address for comments about the abstract: mats.carlsson@astro.uio.no